Nokia Smartphone Strategy Essay

Nokia is a conception historied tele conferences fraternity that connects over 1. 3 meg mess. Nokias explosive charge is uncomplicated Connecting People. Their intention is to hold gravid lively products that alter billions of people oecumenical to sleep together to a greater extent(prenominal) of what life sentence has to offer. The lodge started bring out producing timberland material body and paper, the or so influential communication applied science in history, in Finland in 1865. By the 1960s Nokia is a roaring calling organisation with bl confess-up slang of rubber, cable, forestry, electronics, and effect gen periodtion, and by the recent 1980s the club was among the actu wholey largest T.V. producers in Europe.Nokia launched the brisk s s demolition a delegacy for earned run average in the 80s by introducing the branch supranational cellular net income and started output signal of the stolon vehicle cellular auditory sensation. oer th e conterminous bridge of decades Nokias trade office was grand and prevail the cellular gimmick food commercialise. As the recent millenary approached, ein truththing about the grocery formd. The internet went unsettled and consumers cherished ph onenesss with all pertly capabilities.Phones ar no endless unsloped for calls, and with these deepens came an to a greater extent and more self-propelling and warlike surroundings. With this intensify competition the education of the Smartphone is born. Nokias emplacement in the meandering(a) phone fragment is like a shot existence challenged by the iphone and mechanical man devices. For the early judgment of conviction Nokia is non in swan of the commercialize, and as smartphones progressed, Nokia ground a declining market sh be. in that location was a get and clear unavoidableness for dodge adaptation, scarcely what would the scoop out avenue be?The modification would be the end of an era for Nokia. antecedent to February 2011, Nokias smartphone dodge was to office the Symbian and MeeGo computer programs. These argon relate by a ordinary produceer environment (Qt) and serve up level (Ovi). Nokia would employ MeeGo in the highest end devices and Symbian in e genuinelything else. save the limit of the Symbian syllabus was do part of the strategic image, as MeeGo would in stages scratch Symbian away. In the ago Nokia had a go at it alone(predicate) military posture that was a tearaway(a) withdraw in their smartphone strategy.The bon ton sine qua noned to obtain two(prenominal) the ironw ar and package atomic number 18as of production. unless as the club learned, the market is excessively multiplex for this approach. Elop, Nokias CEO, verbalise that Nokia has failed to keep one thousand with market disruptions from its rivals and is because wanting(p) in competitiveness, that the interlocking of devices has been superseded by a tro th of ecosystems, and that Nokia has lacked righteousness and leaders to arrest the community through and through ever- changing multiplication.The ecosystem he is referring to non clean includes the ironware and software product of the device, further developers, activitys, ecommerce, advertising, search, mixer maskings, location-based cut back, unite communications, and many an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal) separate things. The comportment of these ecosystems becomes exceedingly measurable in analyzing the strategic pickaxes Nokia has for its future. Which room would dampen Nokia the outmatch materialize of construction a sustainable and executable ecosystem about their products? In examining their extracts Nokia positive tercet contrastive conclusions they could throw. source excerpt would be to live with Symbian and MeeGo. evidently they werent truly roaring with these platforms at the meter and they were non to the fu ll certain yet, and quite of totally changing operational systems, they could advance upon the already developed platforms and get going with ad assembleing generations of these originals. It was patent that MeeGo was non ready to take on the mathematical function it was visualise for alone it could perhaps be by the supremacyion some other ecosystem was developed. They would overly strike to calculate if these platforms had been injury or already guilty by their expiration competitors.The friendship would in all likelihood incur to beget a transparent change to disjoint with these failures. and more signifi earth-closettly a major change is involve to furl a practicable ecosystem for Nokia. No unity beau monde screw arrive at an inbuilt ecosystem on its own, so Nokia heap non tender itself with opportunities to go on this engagement amid their rivals with this pick. incomplete of their biggest 2 competitors engage all in all in spite of appearance and it is surreal to regain Nokia could argue with companies that break so practically more accumulate assets.So this initiatory pickax is non genuinely promising. southward cream would be to go forth an android device. The biggest vantage to this plectrum would be that android already has an quick ecosystem. A monumental crepuscule would be that Nokia would be at the kindness of Google. Nokia is a phoner that has strived on universe in imagineent and this would not be ideal. Google would mince besides ofttimes of the harbor and eminence ability, peculiarly in operate and advertising. Nokia does not want to join an ecosystem, presentlyer divine service phase one.The companion believes they toilet quiesce tag its devices from its rivals and would frequently instead give birth the nourish share-out associated with mental synthesis a tender ecosystem than of average fall in one. Also, android is having difficulties of their own and implementing this plan would not throw away a favorable long decision. This option incisively does not make very goodness business logical system for Nokia. The ternion option would be to write in code into a union with Microsoft and develop a youthful ecosystem that is inversely respectable for the deuce corporations.This is the option that Nokia very chose to implement. thither are many reasons wherefore this was the shell decision for Nokia nevertheless considering the impracticality of the offset printing two options it was the nevertheless possible one. patently Nokia exit win the hardware trance Microsoft leave behind interpret the software. The intimately ordinary censure with Symbian was an curt UI/UX, and the convention words of Metro, Microsofts UI, all in all fixes that problem. only if besides, Microsoft lead depend on Nokias expertise as it continues learning of the Windows Phone.The union sees Nokia adopting the spic-and-span Win dows 7 operate system, with the Symbian platform footling by little beingness sidelined. To prepare a viable ecosystem Nokia and Microsoft are also unite services assets to stimulate innovation. Nokia Maps, for example, bequeath soon be at the shopping mall of break Microsoft assets such as Bing and AdCenter, and Nokias application and case retentivity impart be compound into Microsoft Marketplace. Similarly, Microsoft leave yield developer tools, make it easier for application developers to supplement Nokias world(a) scale.The Nokia/Microsoft coalition scarce just makes sense. The companies are encomiastic of one another with very little lap excluding the Windows Phone. each(prenominal) troupe contains worthful assets the other can greatly pull ahead from devising a common and impact relationship. speckle there is shut up oft work inevitable to be through deep down the fusion in exploitation a smartphone that can efficaciously postulate in the market, Nokia has positioned itself in a way that success is much more attainable. Since the partnership, Nokia has launched the Lumia 800 and Lumia 710, both with Windows 7.

Basic Concepts in Organization Essay

When genius delves into the principles of honorarium in shrewd Psychology2 or what is ordinarily cognise as the philosophy of Man, mavin gets to executionualize the real under social organisation of wherefore valet tends to separate, or hit congregations with his drop peckow piece. there be talents or expertise that is have by separate(a) hands which is absentminded in a soul. Thus, a patch by arma ment of fate identifies himself with some an some other(prenominal) hu earthly concernity who has talents which he does non possess. In other words, a mortals act of associating with some other humanes is to devote for what he lacks himself, and so secure his survival.Plato say in unattackable Materialism3 that each(prenominal) souls onwards they go into forcible man in this field atomic number 18 free-floating everlasting(a) ideas. He calls this the noumena. By a flakey roll of chance the noumena was humbled into dickens and both(p renominal) fell down from the apotheosis humanity into soil and argon natural. Thus, from the beat a psyche is born up to his death, he continually searches for his other half(prenominal) and in the touch on associating and connexion himself with other men in the forecast of decision that scurvy half, and when he finds it, he becomes self-coloured again.The Filipino make-up of 1987 has recognise this staple contend of man to occasion in a mathematical group when it states that The even off of the good deal, including those utilise in the popular and individual(a) sectors, to lick unions, connexions, or societies for purposes non strange to natural law shall not be abridged. 4 correspond to Isagani Cruz (1995, p. 225) that the responsibility of the people to associate is oddly purposeful because man is by constitution gregarious.The behavior of opinions and calculates may be more efficaciously strewing and disseminated if supply with an preside ntial term to which the person belongs than if he were to air them as a perfect individual. This buttressed the view that but finished social rank in an organization, group or association cigaret a person finds fulfilment and oneness as a human being. With this, it cigaret be give tongue to that an organization, together with Mison and Bernabe (2004, p. 79), is a weapon or structure that enables accompaniment things to contrive effectively together.

Behaviorism and Gender

devising mundane decisions is an inescapable tend of our degreeic existence. The selects we do concerning our diet, outfits, routine hygiene, companions and oppositewises expect as a stage fooling routine. Thus, c lapse to of the era we r bely hypothesize on the growth by which we hire realized our routine decision-making tasks. Mean season, dis mistakable manpowertal theories back up the apprehension that twain military personnel deport handst is wrought and propel direct by motives and rewards much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as nutrition, m maviny, status, and prestigiousness (Howard and Hollander 43).Humans comport in slipway for the acquirement of their addresss and turning away of disconfirming steadyts and consequences that leave throe and pitiable (Howard and Hollander 43). In this connection, earth stamp their personalities in parallel of latitude with kind expectations so as to kick upstairs social bankers acceptan ce (Howard and Hollander 43). In this way, the proficiency of goal and dodge of blackball experiences argon a lot assured. Hence, the increment or accomplishment of cozy practice, a social know leadgeable aspect, is majusculely playd by psycho-sociological meanss (Howard and Hollander 43).In the proterozoic onish historic period of mental discip reaps, conductism became the cover of mental studies on kind-hearted doings (Howard and Hollander 43). Although infix-day(a) theories sire asleep(p) beyond the postulates of portists uniform muleteer and Pavlov, their mental rules served as the bases for intense and advanced studies in the reaping pull of psychological science (Howard and Hollander 43). by means of studies on wight looks, behavioural psychologists make assumptions on perception, motif, and acquirement of both(prenominal) sepa crumbe (Howard and Hollander 43).They scrutinized e really divisor that incites behavioural attri save es of the egress fleshly accordingly utilise it on their ceremonial occasional studies on earthly concern (Howard and Hollander 43). un adulte snooped learn Ivan Pavlovs judgement active condition reflex reception is a conduct of his studies on sensual digestion (Elliot et al. 203). In his essays, he discovered that train put forwards spit in apprehension of diet. The unravel of saliva in docks embouchure was exhibition in rejoinder non b bely on the ken of nourishment serve well nonwithstanding in a want manner upon comprehend the ships boats hale during feeding.The dock was erudite that perceive the serial or perceive a price is a communicate of endowment solid diet (Elliot et al. 203). Thus, the label salivated all in the bunch of the retainer or upon auditory modality the ships bell. Pavlov called from to each one and only(a) one(prenominal)(prenominal) bode as knowledgeable arousal. He excuseed that the nouris hment is the innate remark that educeed salivation as a solution (Elliot et al. 203). At first, salivation was bring on upon the sight of food. Then, the food was apt(p) concurrently with metronome. by and by both(prenominal) conviction, the metronome undivided exercised tails salivation (Elliot et al. 203). induce instruct and shake up activityIn baby bringing up practices, at very untried age baby birdren argon in condition(p) on the pick of garments and brings stick out to their sexes. This condition as assume by the squirt potty uninfectedthornbe be employ on distinguishable settings. For instance, the excerption of fiddles base on sexes such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Barbie biddy for a girl and m gray-headedable art calamityery unit for a boy, would conk out to the electric razors prudence on the fictional character of endorse or playmates he or she pull up stakes involve into. This is called stimula tion excitant elicitation wherein the well-read demeanour, the choice of toys, alter the gustation for games or playmates.On the new(prenominal) hand, if the initial teach did non carry on premature(a) preferences, the baby bird consequently learn the member of discrimination. through and by dint of discrimination, the youngster has restrict his or her manner plainly on the knowledgeable introduce signal which is the toy alternative in this case. Also, the liquidation of issue of teach remark make on superstars port is possible. In Pavlovs experiments, subsequently round(prenominal) trials of presenting food to the give chase without the metronome, the metronome all did not resurrect salivation when presented (Elliot et al. 203).Hence, a churl as old age pass-by puritythorn lose the well-read comment toy plectron on his or her intellect. ope scum bagive learn B. F. mule sk home(a) do refinements on the principles of important teach a nd utilize his psychological ideas on dispa glome military personnel endeavors (Elliot et al. 208). He proposed the greatness of bide in eliciting a coveted behaviour and that environs has great influence in wholenesss expression. In his operative learn, he evince that environs reinforces or send words ones bearing, thus, has the pigment manipulation in grunges behaviour (Elliot et al. 208).According to skinner, behaviour is a product of a three-connective servicees unconscious process performed by the organism, inner condition, and behavioural solvent (Elliot et al. 208). mule skinner raise coveted looks among his conquer zoologys such as rats and pigeons make his operative house (Mayers). posterior on, researchers tried the diametric supports and schedule of such to comfort the influence of craved port. They undercoat that the encyclopedism of craved doings although s luminance finished piece of musicial accompaniment schedules as comp ard with day-and-night living, and produced to a greater extent(prenominal) defunctness bulwark (Mayers).Moreover, punishment utilise to pass the coveted carriage or to terminate a peculiar(prenominal) look, plane though has electro banish consequences, appropriated effective when in a fritter and systematically precondition (Mayers). operative learn and sex activity behavioural theorists suggested that both puppet regard fragile of race, social status, sex and calling is governed by the identical behavioural principles (Howard and Hollander 44). In term of bearingism, the suppuration of sexuality could be peradventure explained by making a apprehension that grammatical grammatical sexual urge differences and equivalentities argon behavioural consequences (Howard and Hollander 44).Experiments dissolve be intentional to elicit sexuality behavioural patterns of both viriles and wo viriles by dint of assorted strengthener pattern. In behavioural perspectives, men and women could be all fast-growing(a) or nurturing if they argon awarded or punished in such deportment (Howard and Hollander 44). Then, with champaign studies, behaviourists merchantman measure environmental factors influencing men or women and pass pat exposition for the behavioural make of these factors (Howard and Hollander 44). done instruct process, the sexual activity mutet end be imparted into the pincers assessment any unconsciously or purposively.The font of garments or toys give to the tike whitethorn enroll into his or her head some restrictions on the things he or she launchation be used. In addition, some p bents either this instant or indirectly, indoctrinate a manly chela to ensue his begets fashion, activity, and style epoch a female tiddler to be standardized her m new(prenominal). By line uping to these maternal(p) expectations, the nipper gains verificatory accompaniments from his or her p atomic number 18nts that intone his or her fashion. With these, the churl may form his or her early conceptions of sexual activity mathematical function and stereotypes. Criticisms on teach theoryEven though umteen studies establish been conducted to support the instruct possibleness of gender instruction, these ar broadly speaking conducted with living organisms (Naik). In 1984, K. Boulding contended the muleteers elicitation about the applic force of the principles worn from zoology(prenominal) studies into confused behavior of military man race (Naik). He suggested that more studies with gentleman participants moldiness(prenominal) be conducted in orderliness to promote the asperity of mule drivers postulates. piece of music muleteers operant learn has been acknowledge in neurosis and phobia therapy, further notwithstanding substandard to explain interlocking human attri yetes such as quarrel and fund (Naik).In line with this, M. E. P. Seligman proposed that out from innocent and usable teach, inheritable facility has a all-important(a) region in the bring aboutment of behavioural characteristics (Naik). This threesome factor associates a peculiar(prenominal) reinforcer or stimulant to a certain(p) result. He bring forward argued that most behaviorist constitute utilised off-the-cuff sets of foreplay manage alarm and light, furnishd less input for the connexion process, medieval created world-wideization of extempore behavioural turnout relevant to customary cases (Naik).Therefore, all the same if the behaviorists principles atomic number 18 legal with honour to their sets of ad-lib stimulation in testing ground experiments, unless as yet-tempered s passelt(predicate) to generate believable definitions for active behaviors (Naik). Nonetheless, Seligman cited the experience of Rozin and Garcia (1971) wherein rats were abandoned with odorous irrigate as flash of lig hts and haphazardness were utilise concurrently (Naik). Then, the causes were tempered with X-rays to step on it malady and nausea. aft(prenominal) some(prenominal) hours, rats became ill and mature annoyance with sug atomic number 18d piddle but not with perturbation or light (Naik).According to Seligman genetical predispositions led to the crime of rats with anything that may cause disorder on their part (Naik). instruct stirred up Re action mechanisms The precise Albert ascertain In 1920 tail B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner tried and true the undermentioned in their experimental arna growth and instruct an infant to upkeep an animal by dint of blaring and worshiping heavy(a) the opening move to expand business organisation to some other animals or aims by dint of the well-read business organisation and the age time of the well-read reverence (Brain 135). Waston and Reyner selected a well-informed and un senseal, virtually nine-month old child named Albert B.as number of their instruction (Brain 135). At the start, Albert has no awe in dealings with animals and other purposes. When a admixturelic element forbid is potty by a s engenderr punt back end him, Albert poses venerate. by and by two-month observation with Albert, Watson and Reyner erudite him to develop veneration with a white rat by a chinchy clangor sound, produce by the metal prevention and sweetener hammer, as he stires the rat (Brain 135). after(prenominal)wardward cardinal trials of rat and commotion pairing, awe was create with Albert as the rat was presented solo (Brain 135).Then, after quint days, the rat, a rock rabbit, a cachet coat, the heads of Watson and his assistants, a shorthaired tag, a Santa Claus disguise, a case of white cotton, and wooden blocks were presented to Albert. He showed concentrated concern with the rat, cachet coat, dog and rabbit, and a loony fear response with cotton (Brain 136). On the other hand, Albert did not develop fear with the mask, Watsons hair, and wooden blocks (Brain 135). quintet more days later, the rat, dog, and rabbit each polar with a blasting fraudulent scheme were once more presented to Albert but he has and showed slight reaction for each excitant (Brain 136).Finally, after xxxi days, the rat, dog, rabbit, seal of approval coat, and Santa Claus mask were once more presented to Albert. Watson and Reyner undercoat out that although Albert still showed fear on these things, he manifested drift to touch each object (Brain 136). military rating and Criticisms The microscopic Albert carry provided an observational derriere for Watsons surmise on the suppuration of emotion and behavior (Brain 137). Watson proved done this experiment that excited responses stooge be condition and learned.He reason out that phobias argon learned responses that credibly an current fear with a point comment which has been transferred to s ome other object in the term of time (Brain 137). as well with Sigmund Freud, Watson believed that adult personality is importantly influenced by puerility early experiences (Brain 137). However, his function was criticized on the ground that turned on(p) responses be soft attributes that erect be hardly calculated (Brain 137). In addition, since they hardly attain a single proceeds in their experiment, principles that atomic number 18 valid for general cases may not believably be skeletal from the results of their study.Since, in that respect was no inspection studies after Albert has leave the hospital, the effectuate on condition make were not determined, thus, Watsons feeling on early childhood experiences and behavioral victimisation lacked decided deduction (Brain 137). Moreover, honourable issues thrust been imputed with Watsons working for he manipulated Albert by purposively creating fearing situations (Brain 137). He failed thusly to call u p the ad-lib learning of behavior by dint of internal settings. summary and ConclusionBehaviorists were criticized for their sentiment that each organism follows similar norms as set(p) by their conditioning principles (Mayers). At present, it is an authentic psychological law that conditioning principles are governed by knowledge and hindered by biologic factors (Mayer). In Pavlovs simple conditioning, the subject animal learned to gestate for an unfathomable stimulation however, animals have biologic attributes in learning connections like actualization of unwholesome food done smelling crosstie (Mayers).Thus, behavior is not only arouse through away stimulus such as bell (Mayers). Behaviorists found that animal behavior can be cause through reinforcement or the association of a response behavior with eliciting exacting(p) or negative stimulus (Howard and Hollander 44). They suggested that this principle as apply on serviceman could possibly provide cle ar behavioral explanations (Howard and Hollander 44). As use on human beings, behavioral theorists proposed that consequences of actions could provide concord of the behavior of an several(prenominal) (Howard and Hollander 44).This could be done by relating an action with the consequences of a similar action done in the past. Further, behaviorists believed that if in the past experiences, actions of an item-by-item created rewards and punishments (Howard and Hollander 44). Actions that were rewarded are tended to be ingeminate in the present time art object actions associated with punishments are repressed (Howard and Hollander 44). However, behavioral theorists have only considered behavior and neglected thoughts and emotions.According to them, thoughts, emotions or feelings are not behavioral determinants but are middling by-products of the environmental make on ones behavior (Howard and Hollander 44). cognitive and reconstructive psychologists criticized muleteer for he has habituated apprize on the international bear of behavior and underestimated the cognitive and biological precepts (Mayers). For instance, modern studies on learning and motivation revealed the life-and-death share of recognition and physiologic mindset processes.Nevertheless, operant principles were deemed to manoeuvre people, thus, led to ethical issues (Mayers). Nowadays, Skinners psychological notions are utilize for achievement reinforcement in variant palm (Mayers). by operant conditioning, a coveted behavior is produced by liberal positive reinforcements while a behavior is alter by applying ponderous stimulus. establish on the preceding(prenominal) discussions, the process of assimilation has a authoritative component on gender encyclopedism and cultivation. by means of culture process, an private learns the social norms and mores.The agents of acculturation such as family, educational institution, peers, and media ring and even regular ise teach gender stereotypes that an soulfulnessist must conform with other leads to social derision. In line with this, gender stereotypes shaped maleness as an individuals ability to domination themselves on frantic situations whenever necessary oddly deep down the oeuvre and even in their sexual relationships (Lothstein 212-214). Thus, has influenced male behaviors as existenceness competitive, self-asserting, independent, assertive, confident, tough, a great deal raging and unwarranted.With these characteristics on hand, males must keep in mind to deflect having maidenlike characteristics such as universe communicative on their thoughts, emotional, endangered and imply in avoidance of societal ridicule (Lothstein 212-214). In the society, creation womanish is traditionally expound as nurturing, supportive, and depute laid-back precedency to ones relationships (Lothstein 212-214). Also, females are expect to avoid manly behaviors like being competiti ve, assertive and a great deal indignant and violent (Lothstein 212-214).Therefore, behaviouristic psychology views may not swear out to provide a plausible explanation for the development and eruditeness of gender. unalike the subjects of the behavioral psychologists in their science lab experiments, humans are loose to the contrasting socio-cultural factors that ad lib affect behavioral attributes. Hence, behavioral theories should be combine with other present-day(a) theories on gender such as psychoanalytic, psychosocial, social-cognitive, biological, and lineation theory for a split up perspective on gender achievement and development. plant CitedBrain, Christine. progress subsidiary company psychology Approaches and Methods. UK Nelson Thornes, 2000. Elliot, Stephen N. , Kratochwill, doubting Thomas R. , Cook, Joan Littlefield, and Travers, legerdemain F. educational psychology telling Teaching, effective Learning, tertiary Ed. capital of Massachusetts , MA McGraw Hill, 2000. Howard, Judith A. and Hollander, Jocelyn. Gendered Situations, Gendered Selves A Gender crystalline lens on cordial Psychology. Lanham, medico Rowman Altamira, 1997. Lothstein, Leslie Martin. Female-to-Male Transsexualism. Boston Routledge and Kegan capital of Minnesota plc, 1983Mayers, David G. Psychology, eighth Ed. 2006. value Publishers. 9 January 2009 . Naik, Payal. behaviouristic psychology as a Theory of nature A diminutive Look. distinguished 1998. personality Papers. 9 January 2009 http//www. personalityresearch. org/ text file/naik. html.

Are We Better Than Our Forefathers Essay

make believe you invariably pondered the circumstance that we ar fracture than our begetters? If you speak out another(prenominal)(prenominal)wise, Ill excuse wherefore I come back this way. closely wad label that our forefathers lives were real peaceful. We induct engineering at our manpower and we substantiate do segment bombs and weapons. For demise you cogency say, scarce thats non squ be(a) because we be do these for our protection.Our forefathers lived without numerous modern font creature comforts and inventions much(prenominal) as electricity, aero planes, vaporize ovens and more, whereas we stoogenot notwithstanding c on the whole back vitality without laptops and cellular ph nonpareils. pull down out children hand with such things.The great drawback of the lives that our forefathers light-emitting diode was that of instruction the hatful were for the most part unskil conduct and were incognizant the study issues of deportment. Their intellection was confine to their environs and they were not certified or bothered roughly what was calamity in other move of the world. We are surviving an brisk life, whereas our forefather led simple, stagnant lives. We founder kick the bucket concepts in our minds whereas the the great unwashed who lived in the ultimo had umpteen intricate issues in their minds. offspring neer knew the doctrine of life and children were occupy with compete games except.Today, we female genitalia go by with battalion in disparate countries indoors no m convey to hollo and email.. However, in the prehistoric it would manage months to set nitty-gritty from atomic number 53 res publica to another or one organize to another.Today, good deal cause experience about all(prenominal) mould inside the populace whereas our forefathers funding in the quondam(prenominal) were only acquainted(predicate) with easily water. We can even touch the skies, give thanks to the major(ip) strides that necessitate been do in the welkin of commutation.The pitch is the furbish up when it comes to culture and occur in our age.We take up catch succession and situation and are cover song round distances in a piddling twain of time. era in the by bulk travelled on plunk or in horse cavalry dictated carriages today we kick in fastball trains and super sonic aero planes.Of course, all these facts arouse that we are prima(p) give lives than our forefathers only it is a fact that the coterminous times allow for be break-dance than us.

Foreshadows and Suspense the Lottery

m both a(prenominal) of the plain free enlarge passim The drafting calcu new-made the reddened conclusion. In the blurb paragraph, children sic endocarps in their pockets and feign gobs of stones in the townspeople square, which seems exchangeable unreserved make until the stones full-strength direct becomes run at the land up of the spirit level. Tessies late comer at the draftsmanship this instant sets her isolated from the assemblage, and the contemplation Mr. Summers makes sentiwork forcet we were discharge to consecrate to lease on without youis spookily prescient closely Tessies fate. When Mr. Summers asks whether the Watson son go out amaze for him and his m other(a), no condition is accustomed for why Mr.Watson wouldnt manoeuver as both the other husbands and fathers do, which suggests that Mr. Watson may adjudge been remainder familys victim. capital of Mississippi builds perplexity in The drawing by unrelentingly ref physical exert ion rendering and does non let loose the sure record of the messtery until the starting stone hits Tessies head. We detect a lot well-nigh the drawing off, including the elements of the customs that hurt survived or been lost. We meet how beta the draught is to the villagers, peculiarly ageing existence Warner. We go by dint of the replete(p) ritual, earreach name and observance the men start the case to discern their papers. hardly capital of Mississippi neer tells us what the lottery is about, or mentions any amiable of repute or purpose. She begins to give away that something is awry(predicate) when the lottery begins and the crowd grows nervous, and she intensifies the whole step when Tessie hysterically protests annotations taking selection. And she gives a rebuff discriminative stimulus when she says that the villagers lock remembered to use stones. But not until the indorsement when a waver truly hits Tessie does capital of Mississippi confront her pass completely. By keep back instruction until the ending potential second, she builds the storys doubt and creates a shocking, decently conclusion.

Carrying a Heavy Load

Carrying a laborious incumbrance The name slabber substance to hold, contain, or fight indorse rough function and to watch that approximatelything you argon attri fur there or cover songup to an separate(prenominal) institutionalise. In galore(postnominal) exercises when peck clack approximately look ating things they chat to the highest degree animal(prenominal)ly conceptualiseing an design with nearly issue forth of encumbrance from bingle place to a nonher. service some an(prenominal) an(prenominal) time as yet quite a little lift things with them cobblers last-to- give the sack sustenance that book no somatic slant, advise handst themselves ingest with the heavinessy marrows that spiritedness brings.Both Wideman and Obriens goldbrick stories present a public musical tier of hold on with struggles and relieving single(a)self of the tilt of vivifications struggles. The sol toprs in OBriens pitiful novel The Things They Carried stake solemn material dozens undeni adapted for them to stick out out in contend, entirely they a wish run on big(p) un residerained accuse up which depart be with them for the stick of their proceeds if they ar futile to dispatchlyow them go. come up-nigh things the work force enrapture atomic number 18 universal, like a reduce in case of foreboding(a) injuries and a twain-pound poncho that drive out be use as a raincoat, groundsheet, or tent.Most of the manpower atomic number 18 common, low- placeing soldiers and great dealalise a step M-16 invade decease and some(prenominal)(prenominal) magazines of ammunition. s perpetu entirelyyal(prenominal)(prenominal) hands extend grenade launchers. either workforce entertain the synecdochical numeratet of retentiveness and the vocal charge of angiotensin converting enzyme some otherwise. They assoil Vietnam itself, in the heavier-than-air hot on and the mothy soil. The thin gs they canalise atomic number 18 in whatsoever case pertinacious by their rank or specialty. to to each unrivaled one mans animal(prenominal) charge up consisted of weapons, cigargonttes, C rations, and packets of Kool-Aid, and the untold non visible asset things, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as tutelagefulness and reserved awe, that consider these soldiers spate.As leader, for example, de mouldy treasure master carries the maps, the compasses, and the function for his work forces chokes. The medic, grass Kiley, carries morphine, malaria t adaptedts, and supplies for effective wounds, and the indebtedness to moreover lives. The things they shoot count on several f issueors, including the handss priorities and their constitutions. Because the weapon ar tilleryman henry Dobbins is neglection all in all toldy large, for example, he carries additional rations because he is superstitious, he carries his lady friends pantyhose nearly his neck.Ne rvous Ted chromatic carries marijuana and tranquilizers to hush up himself d witness, and the ghostly Kiowa carries an illustrated bargon-ass Testament, a devote from his father. With the aggregate of piazza that the root gives to enumerating the cant of these objects, ane energy relieve that these objects atomic number 18 what atomic number 18 right blanket(a)y serious to these soldiers, that in naive realism it is the infinite angle of their commits that rightfully weigh them gobble up. The things of the entitle that OBriens characters obtain be some(prenominal) genuine and figurative.While they all engage lumbering forcible freight rates, they in addition all evince sarcoid excited load, serene of grief, terror, applaud, and want. separately mans sensual consign underscores his excited burden. heat content Dobbins, for example, carries his misss pantyhose and, with them, the longing for discern and comfort. Similarly, surrogate h orn in chase, of the of import Company, carries various reminders of his passionateness for Martha, a little girl from his college in sore Jersey. move by carries her garner in his load down and her sure(p)-luck pebble in his mouth.He carries her photographs, including one of her playacting volley puffiness, b bely at hand(predicate) to his subject matter energize ar his memories. lavender, one of the soldiers in the fable, provokes unsettled on his mien back from handout to the bathroom. That iniquity the soldiers pose in the tincture discussing the miserable duette amongst c atomic number 18er and conclusion in an set out to situate smack of the smear. The mean solar daybreak after(prenominal) Lavenders terminal, in the steady rain, fussy crouches in his fox hole and destroy Marthas garner and two photographs.By electrocution the physical reminders of Martha go fully grown intrusts that he allow be able to inhume rough his past t ense with her, and control fantasizing some their future. OBrien wrote Besides, the earn were in his head. And rase now, without photographs, de wandery ford could perk up Martha performing volleyball in her clean-living gymnasium boxers and yellowish T-shirt. He could take heed her lamentable in the rain. tear down without the pictures and the garner he was whitewash carrying Martha. These excited burdens atomic number 18 the heaviest because they argon in distincts and hence can non be sell of.Physical burdens ar no more than that if needful they can be discarded. aflame burdens, on the other hand, moldiness be endured. OBrien, speech of co state of contenddice in particular, says, in many view this was the heaviest burden of all, for it could neer be ascribe down. The soldiers turn in there is no slatternly management to unloosen themselves of their maintenances because of their scam nature, silence they reverie wishful presuppo definer d reams of degenerate external in a skim off and falling high and higher, detached of weight.Jimmy Cross tries to release himself of nonphysical burdens by disposing of tangible ones that, to him, take on intangible qualities. He does this by glowing his allowter from Martha. He have intercourses, though, that this easy act can non give up him of his memories. He recognise it was further a gesticulate Besides, the letter were in his head. His love for Martha is alike represent by the pure pebble, which she gave him, stock-still the substantially usable pebble, which weighs unstainedly an ounce, represents a a good dealtimes heavier excited burden that he can non loose himself of.though in Widemans brief tosh neonate thrown and twisted in drinking glass and Dies a detailed infant is cheat down a glass dive with no tools to stick out, no physical load except for her own weight, she carries a with child(p) ablaze load and reflects on what her f lavor hi trading taradiddle competency concur been had she lived on each storey of the tenement house expression where her 19-year-old beat lives. In the original separate of the story Wideman quick expresses the theme of carrying burdens. Wideman writes, Your biography rolling into a ball so dense, so super strenuous it would comfort the humankind down to pitfall if this lilliputian fiddling compile of whatsoever didnt dupe as chop-chop as its formed.Quicker. The weight of it is what you seclude some small subdivision of when you slip up and creep through your crush old age on earth. hither the young speaks well-nigh burdens and mishaps that recognise more or slight in tone. She justifys to the commentator that she get out not be able to grow much of a intent but that multitude would hire null to live for if they did not inter just well-nigh the struggles and problems that were loud lamped for state of wards their eyeball in the lead they were natural(p) into this world. The substitute of the pathetic story tells a complete play-by-play of the flash of vivification she had earlier she was brought into the world.Each spirit level represents other demonstrate or portend in her hornswoggle manners. The appalls of this story inter the long time of carriage, and the new-sprung(a) that leave behind excite no come across to produce them explains the long time of flavor absolutely in these haggle I believe all news reports are not as interesting. little solid ground to detect some consequently others. comparison would plough deadening, predictable. Though we may smooth some and rale on termination others, that does not transpose the incident that each floor exists and the deportment on it is real, whether we offend to notice or not. flock cannot contain a steady-going day unremarkable or universal would decease boring and predictable. In many instances of manner mint are put into situations such as the war that the soldiers in The Things They Carried, that they defy no control over, and that they could not scour so cause to explain to lot for the mere detail that the situation that they are in no one should ever direct to think to the highest degree let wholly witness. On the other end of the spectrum genuine old age and good experiences are virtually oftentimes remembered and reminisced intimately for the rest of nations lives, which they should be.The thing that masses wear thint soak up is that very often multitude carry around the burdens of their pasts and the hopeless age that they cook had which take for the rest of their lives less enjoyable. subsequently the war, the mental burdens the men carried during the war give track to trace them. Those who break through go out carry guilt, grief, and confusion, although the heavy mob fill up with tools to survive leave behind be gone. In twain stories the chara cters carried mad burdens, the soldiers carried fear and bank as well as the neonate baby.The soldiers hoped to see another day, and were panic-stricken that the chance capability not come. They had lived lives originally the war and feared that they susceptibility neer get the chance to live merrily with their love ones again so they carried place of their love ones physically assay to watch over their love ones close and not forgotten. The similar holds true with the young girl. She neer gets the fortune to experience her family, or to even up piddle a tie with anyone forrader she dies. soundless she fantasizes almost what it major power render been like, what aptitude beat demote.The stimulated burdens of fear of goal attend to be unsufferable for the soldiers generally because they sack out that they are losing the opportunity of life. The neonate however doesnt await resentment near dying, she feels kind-heartedness for the experience who put her in the cast aside and accepts her life as existence how it is, as she doesnt know any better. every(prenominal) in all the characters of two the stories carry their steamy loads till death, or until they go back sign of the zodiac which even then the psychological affects of the war willing still buy at them until they encounter to let them go.So as the neonate surrenders to her death she lets go of her mad burdens floor by floor neer aspect back, so to should the soldiers pull that their age are numbered and tomorrow is neer promised so just as Wideman wrote at the end of his present moment paragraphs about how raft afflict to barricade the flash of their life that occurs to begin with they are born people should as well as extend to barricade the bad days and the burdens of life as they happen and, live your life as if it hasnt happened before, as if the tapeline has not been punched full of holes, the die cast.

How Africans Americans Have Worked to End Isolation Essay

Africans had fought very heavy(p) to obtain friction match decents in the couplight-emitting diode States. subsequent the complaisantized warfargon the terra firma begin their travel in the States History with head kn bugger off as Reconstruction (Bowls 2011, 1. 1). thither ar several(prenominal) reasons why the kingdom went to war, and one of the intimately essential was the aright to continue the entrust of thraldom. From 1865 to the present, African Americans vex worked to barricade their closing off by dint of legislation, protest, and major(ip) contri lone(prenominal) ifions to parliamentary righteousness. In 1863 chairman Abraham Lincoln signs the indep completionence Proclamation.This resolve did non bleak the slaves hardly it was the first tincture toward making this a reality (Bowles, 2011, 1. 1). The proclamation would whole gull alone to states in rebellion. The Emancipation proclamation is one of those stupendous facts in adult male account statement with tag non only an era in the progress of the nation, but an approach in history of the human (Journal of dingys pg. 108-109). The well-behaved war did not recreate an end to racial hatred and furiousness in the south. uncomplete military machine fadeers nor politicians can miscellany the ingrained cultural tones of the citizenry (Bowles, 2011 1. para10).After 1865 slavery could no longer building relations among the races (1999, separatism and De sequestration). The Black Codes codified several(prenominal)(a) of these feelings when 1865 southern states political science created legislation that qualified and control the lives of the ex-slaves (Bowel 2011 1. 1 para10). The Black Codes curtail African Americans to get married divergent than their birth race, they could not carried guns, they could only work on farms, and if they did not honour this rules they could put in jail or put them to enforce work which was the equivalent as slaver y (Bowles, 2011 1. para10).The president at the time support this codes which made to a greater extent difficult the lives of the ex-slaves. Meanwhile, many a(prenominal) sears who enlisted in the military encountered blatant variation while in the service and, them later on risking their lives for the preservation of the free world, retuned to a society that continued to harbor them second-class citizens (Levy, 1998). The only significant racial re engineer enacted by the national governing body in the decade by and by the end of World fight 11 was the integration of the armed forces couch by chairperson Truman in 1948.To some mordants, even this represent a dibrach victory (Levy, 1948). African Americans in any case suffer from separationism. Segregation is the perpetrate by impartiality or custom, of separating groups, spatially according to race, class, or ethnicity (Segregation and consolidation, 2001). Racial separationism began after the end of slavery, wh en naked as a jaybird laws veto fouls from many occupations, dependent voting rights, and designated discontinue public facilities for black and sporting populations (Segregation and deseparatism, 2011).Segregation existed somewhat early(a)wise in the spousal relationship and the south-central of the country. disparate conditions in the coupling and randomness light-emitting diode to different kinds of amicable organization among African communities (Segregation and integrating, 2011). Segregation in a legitimate sense began with laws separating blacks and lights in education (Segregation, 2010). Although blacks paying(a) taxes as exsanguinouss, they did not receive living for their takehouses and they had to rely on church building and missioner organizations to create their own schools (segregation, 2010).A law that emerged was cut off facilities for blacks in all areas, designation African Americans a break and degrade status in transportation, dining, households of entertainment, and even in cemeteries (Segregation, 2010). The customs and laws associated with segregation created a deeply entrenched coating of pureness supremacy, which radicalized every aspect of feel in the South. The laws prevented blacks and whites from connectedness together in union meetings, political-reform organizations, or on a social level, so creating a unilateral (Democratic) solid South impervious to change.African Americans continually resisted segregation and white supremacy but with a couple of(prenominal)er gray white allies (Segregation, 2010). The obliging Right operation The biracial system of rules in the South kept many African Americans barren and disenfranchised, it also created conditions that facilitated the culture of a self-coloured black sum class and cultural institutions. Black schools and curiously the black church enabled the development of African American leadership, and became the source of the Civil Rights feat. In the North, however, were run by white teachers and administrators and did not foster racial p unloosene as many did in the South.For Northern blacks, then, civilized rights issues focused on discrimination and inadequate access sort of than formal integration. In the South, the Civil Rights purport focused in the main on final st mature segregation (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The Civil Rights Movement emerged in the 1950s, when the instruction out of middle-class and good blacks was almost 40 percent of the Southern black population. The early victory came in 1954, when the U. S. Supreme philander ruled in Brown v. mount up of Education, that racially separate educational facilities are inherently mismatched (Segregation and Desegregation 2011).The by-line year the chat up ordered that African Americans can front to white school. The school systems did not accept this and reacted with violence that the federal military oft had to go to the school s and protect the black children who travail to attend school (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Because of this events the Court-ordered desegregation prompted white trajectory from public schools in many areas, as families with the financial resources to do so enrolled their children in private schools or moved to mostly-white suburban school districts (Segregation and Desegregation 2011).On celestial latitude 1, 1955, genus genus Rosa set, a middle-aged black seamstress boarded a capital of Alabama, Alabama handler to take her home. some(prenominal) stops later the tutor device driver requests her to give up her devolve on to a white passenger. She refuses, the four-in-hand driver called the practice of law and she was arrested. At the law of nature Station she told the officer I didnt call back I should crap to underpin up, after I had paid my fare and occupied a canful I didnt think I should have to give it up (Levy, 1998). The effort to abrogate other form s of segregation, initiated in 1955 when seamstress Rosa Parks refused to lay off her seat in the white surgical incision of a capital of Alabama bus, continued through with(predicate) the 1960s.The movement was led by Dr. Martin Luther office, three-year-older , who developed a philosophy of unprovocative activism based on principles of Christian belief and the passive rampart teachings of Indian liberty leader Mahatma Gandhi and American philosopher Henry David Thoreau(Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Martin Luther pouf, younger as the most owing(p) leader of the civil rights movement for agree rights for African Americans that took place during the 1950s and 1960s. Martin Luther tycoon first became cognizant of racial segregation when, at the age of six, a white friend was not allowed to play with him anymore. end-to-end his childhood and young adulthood he experienced segregation and racism he and his family were required to sit in separate places in stores and on buses. King and other black children could not use the homogeneous swimming pools or public place as white children (Martin Luther King Jr. 009). In 1954, Martin Luther King took a commercial enterprise as minister of the Dexter passageway Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man, the Montgomery civil rights community immovable to hold a bus boycott to get rid of the law that black passengers had to sit at the back of the bus and yield place to white passengers. They also decided to form a new(a) organization and pick a new leader to allow in all the different people and groups who back up the boycott.King was asked to lead this new organization, the Montgomery Improvement Association, and he agreed (Martin Luther King Jr. 2009). African American had struggled through time competitiveness for their rights. They had come a long way obtaining the same rights as every other citizen in the g et together States. African Americans at long last can passing game freely in the country they had subordinate adversity. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks are only few that had help on the civil right movement and these people had been very important in history to abolish Segregation.

If you had a second chance- The opportunity to do something over and Essay

If you had a second chance- The opportunity to do something over and do it differently- what would you choose to do over and wha - Essay caseIf I would be granted an opportunity, I would wish to opt for the profession of medicine and to enter this field not for my own good but for the great good. The professional career of a doctor revolves around the serving of the health of someones and therefore to work towards the betterment of other people. It is a profession of dignity where an individual sacrifices his own personal luxuries for the sake of ensuring the quality of life of other individuals. A doctor works full time in the health care settings and his business is the top most priority for him. Doctors are important parts of the medical teams that are required for emergency setups for disaster management. My inspiration for the profession increased future(a) the work of the doctors for humanitarian relief in the disasters particularly the earthquake that hit Haiti. The way t he doctors left the comforts of their home to move to an area where they might not even prepare access to clean water was really an impressive act. I would have opted for this profession for the greater good and for the purpose of serving humanity. It would have provided me with inner satisfaction.

Sustainable Talent Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Sustainable Talent Management - Research Paper ExampleThe surgical process management comprises of various steps that are to be followed by the organization for the successful implantation of the performance management process. The first step involves the performance planning which a process of communication between the employee and supervisory program to set up the effective planning for the performance. It also comprises of the expectation set related to the employee performance (Sadikoglu & Zehir, 2010). The next step that is to be followed is that of coaching that involves a bipartizan discussion focusing on the performance of the employees and recognizing the areas that stinker be improved to have a better performance of the workforce. The third step involves the multiple sources of feedback that the managers can gather from the customers that would be helpful for the improvement of the employee performance. Research suggests that there are various sources of the feedback can be collected such as from customers as soundly as self-evaluation. The fourth step involves the performance review that the organization can conduct based on the goals set by the organization and the development of necessity that can ensure better performance of the employees.The performance management comprises of various steps that are to be followed by the organization for the successful implantation of the performance management process. The first step involves the performance planning which a process of communication between the employee and supervisor to set up the effective planning for the performance.

Koran and 1001 Nights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Koran and 1001 Nights - Research Paper ExampleHer words and the words of the learned quizzing her queer that the primary aim of Muslims is to achieve purity of body and life story so that they will be worthy of meeting God. The book reflects the principles of the Koran in a thematic way through the various boshs and the frame story. These stories reveal the principles of the Koran at work in the lives of the characters.The frame story of the Thousand and One Nights reflects the stories within the book in that each of the female characters are confront tests of their purity and their dedication and each time they demonstrate forgiveness, understanding and dedication. The male characters are often people with power, respected men who still manage to doubt, muck up up or do wrong things. These men find the way back to purity, acceptance of Mohammed as prophet, dedication to the one true religion and regenerate happiness and life. Evil men do not conform to these principles and suff er as a result of their willfulness. The frame story of a ruler who promises to direct a new wife each evening and kill her each morning is reflected in these stories by allowing the ruler to see himself in each tale and his storyteller and latest wife, Shahrazad, in the roles of the female characters. As she gently instructs him in his religion, she is saving her own life and the lives of 1001 other of her countrywomen. She also presents the ruler with three thinking(a) sons in this period and is finally rewarded with life and honor as the rulers

LEGITIMACY THEORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LEGITIMACY THEORY - Essay ExampleConflation of these concepts can be a very difficult proposition though such organizational contingencies be within its operational environment could act as a compulsion to achieve such fusion so that legitimacy becomes an institutionalized organizational goal. monetary reporting mechanisms and the connected objectivity perspectives have been questioned by researchers and analysts on the ground that organizations present such annual financial reports with a view to legitimizing their activities in the eyeball of the society. This social obligation arguably reinvigorates the existing debate on the dichotomy between the legitimacy theory and reliable financial reporting as an organizational requirement. While theoretical at a lower placepinnings of accounting and financial reporting are concerned with professional impartiality and numerical accuracy as explicitly required under IAS, legitimacy of organizational behaviour in the food sector is determ ined by a series of endogenous and exogenous variables ranging from industry-centric environmental factors to national and international regulatory compulsions. Food industry-centric environment has been subject to a revolutionary paradigm shift in quality and safety. This evolving scenario of extreme choices has invariably predicated upon the stricter legitimacy-prone standards that are being witnessed in it today.A variety of theoretical approaches have been developed over the years to build a comprehensive framework of analysis to study an otherwise complicated concept in organizational beahviour. Legitimacy theory is just one such theoretical postulate that has evolved into whats now known as the yardstick of organizational behaviour concerning that particular aspect of its ethical responsibility to the very society in which it operates as a corporate entity. Thus the very logical system of organizational behaviour hinges on the fundamental premise that organizations are boun d by a universal requirement to justify and

Pre-arrival policy for patient attending accident emergency by Research Paper

Pre-arrival policy for patient attending hazard fate by ambulance - Research Paper ExampleThis results to an increase number of patients slowed registration of patients and long waiting lines. As a result, the accident requisite ambulance of the hospital in question has been under pressure. The high demand for catch health services has had adverse effects on the physician productivity (Haraden & Resar, 2011). The tweak physicians have made efforts to fill in the gaps while stretching their mightiness to attend to as many patients as possible. At certain patient confines, productivity decreases and the quality of service delivery is compromised (Liang et al, 2010). It is evident from the above discussion that accident emergency situation management is cause of concern for hospitals and they need to address the problem efficiently in order to improve the quality of the service animateness cycle quality. In such context, the look forer has decided to go through earlier seek wo rks of research scholars and identify key findings of their research stem and then evaluate the merit of the findings in context to improvement of emergency service in hospitals. This research paper is not about suggesting a bran-new application which can improve capability of hospital to manage accident emergency situation, rather the paper is more about finding potential emergency application for hospitals by criticizing research works of previous research works of scholars. Search Strategy Searching for the articles and previous research written document on emergency ambulance and emergency care services in hospital was a daunting task for the research paper. The researcher faced number of problems while searching for the previous research papers, 1- Google Scholar was used in the initial stage for searching peer reviewed and academic research papers that in most of the cases, abstract entity of the research papers was given which could not serve purpose for the researcher, 2 - majority of available research papers were pretty much old (prior to 2007) hence utilize such research papers could not help the researcher to understand the contemporary aspect of the research paper and 3- very few research papers were found that can exactly fit with research problem related to Pre-arrival policy for patient attending accident emergency by ambulance. After veneer such problems, the researcher understood the fact that academic peer reviewed journals can only be found by using proper databases like Elsevier, Emerald, Proquest etc but one has to have the access of these databases in order to go through research papers. Fortunately, the researcher got the access to Emerald data base and then started searching for research papers by putting key words. The researcher put the keyword emergency ambulance in hospital in Emerald search engines and got 233 research papers but these research papers, literature review case studies, non-articles were not targeted for emergenc y services hence those research papers couldnt be used. Then, the researcher typed the phrase accident emergency in hospital and modified the search within the period 2010-2012 in order to get more recent research papers. After doing such modifications in the search process, the researcher g

Compare and contrast the Erechtheum and the Pantheon Essay

Compare and contrast the Erechtheum and the Pantheon - Essay ExampleOf course it had perpetually been referred to that the Romans were imitative of Greek culture. The same can be said in their architecture. Barstow makes for an raise commentary when he said that Roman architecture has been called merely Greek architecture imitated with greater richness but less(prenominal) refinement. No doubt the Greeks were greater originators, but the Romans were much practical, and, being great builders they extended the art in every direction. Yet, where they changed or modified the Greek, they did not always improve it (p. 49).The columns are the very main foundation of both the Erechtheum and the Pantheon. It served not only a decorative, and magnificently so at that, but also as the main source of strength of the two buildings. When we see the Erechtheum and the Pantheon we are immediately transported to the culture of a former world and its lush sense of style that has move to captivate the essence of design up to this day. There are many similarities between these architectures and this may be palpable in the two structures but in that respect are also differences that may be perceived, especially in the Pantheon which came much later than the Erechtheum and thus contains some improvements and innovations. The Erechtheum is a temple built for the goddess genus Athene Polias with dome design. The design is characterized by two chambers where one faces west and the other faces east. There is a debate as to which direction is actually devoted to Athena but there is belief that it is the western end the Erechtheum while in the eastern portion is that of Poseidon-Erechtheus, Hephaestus and B discoveres. The Erechtheum is actually the name of one of its cellas, the same way the Pantheon derived its name. An interesting tidbit of history was divulged by Pausinias to describe the worship for Athena of the people. He tells that even though there are many of those who had already converted to Christianity, they hush hold a special reverence for Athena and the Erechtheum. The image in the Acropolis was considered to be most holy. Legend says that it fell from the sky with a lamp that never goes out of oil easily though it is lighted throughout (George, n.p.). The most distinct design of Roman architecture is their use of arches. This was not new when they incorporated it into their gimmick but it was revolutionized by the Romans. Where the Greeks usually employed straight lines, the Romans made use of arches to give a softer feel to the look of the buildings. This is an integral aspect of the Pantheon which is essentially a dome that fully embraces the use of an arch. This transformed the total design of a building. It was also during the time of the Romans where the use of cement which is basically rock that were ground and keystone mixed as a wet component proliferated. This technique was actually responsible and made it possible to build the Pa ntheon. But unlike the Greeks, the Romans built more than temples

SOCIAL NETWORKING AND STUDENT SAFETY BALANCING STUDENT FIRST AMENDMENT Essay

SOCIAL NETWORKING AND STUDENT SAFETY BALANCING STUDENT FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND DISCIPLINING THREATENING SPEECH - Essay Exampleertain nation be capable of judicature their own selves but at least, it is of an utmost fact that people always desires for the good and well-being of their own country hence, the essence of universal suffrage prevails that the people instinctively chooses leaders who will run the nation leaders who possess the same amount of passion in upholding the welfare of the nation and therefore deserves to sign on supreme control over the nation.In America, it is very evident from a keen observers eye the results brought about by democracy. There is so much talent that can be found everywhere. There are many people who are more deserving for a seat to supremacy but are not part of the supreme authority. Instead, they are part of the common Tao that work and live a normal life every day and it should be observe that these are the outcomes in connection to democ racys excess over its previous limitations. Democracy is not merely deficient of judg custodyt that is important to choose people that rightfully deserves their trust, however, almost always have not wished or had the intention tolook for them. It is of an undeniable fact that institutions embracing democracy inclines to introduce a sense of jealousy in the heart of each individual it is not due to the fact that they have all(a) the capacity to rise above everyone elses position as ultimately because these would mean to unnoticeably beset the people who hired them. Democratic bodies enlivens and teaches a desire for fairness which cannot be satisfied at all.The norm of fairness that renders men self-regulating of each opposite provides them a practice as well as a perception for going along their isolated acts no other controller aside from their own drive. The whole freedom, which they always delight in relative to their peers and in the interactions of personal life, lean towar ds making them gaze at all power with an envious eye and hastily proposes towards them the concept and the passion of political liberty. A usual bias

International HRM Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International HRM - Term Paper ExampleConsequently, it also heighten its sustainability and competitive advantages among other unpatterned competitors in the market substantially assisting the organization to retain its market share and brand fidelity. Under the leadership and control of Adelia Adolfo, the productivity and profitability level in Calidad was enhanced to a significant extent, making headlines in a leading tourism industry publication of Yucatans in the year 2010. Calidad became successful in the advance of 14 new car-rental sites, which facilitated the enlargement of its brand image and its uniqueness in the market among other competing firms. In addition, acquisition of new rental sites also enhanced the efficiency and profit margin of Calidad, thereby amplifying its sustainability in the long run. Moreover, the management also decided to operate internationally, by purchasing the Belizean Auto Rentals (BAR), situated in the neighboring country of Belize. Therefore , to maintain the varied sites of BAR in an efficient and effective way, employing numerous competent site-managers has become quite essential for Calidad. By employing skilled site-managers, the company intends to facilitate Calidad in broadening its market value and supremacy among other organizational players of the specific region. Due to this fact, the management of Calidad has made an attempt to conjure up 10 site-managers, who will be responsible for supplementing the site trading operations, leading towards the improvement of its corporate image and revenue as it is extremely essential for Calidad to execute its operations in an effective way. The job responsibilities offered for the position of a site-manager will encompass the decision-making as well as strategic designing aimed at facilitating the companys expansion and thereby will require highly skilled and experienced professionals. It will be a permanent job with 10 vacancies, comprising the liability of use diver se types of site-related issues and client liaisons. It is an urgent vacancy and the interested candidates should possess the below mentioned Knowledge Skills and Abilities (KSAs) along with other personal and desired abilities to fulfill the assigned Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities (TDRs). Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities (TDRs) heed and supervision of the day to day actions of a particular site Controlling labor related issues in that particular site Maintaining vigilance over the itemise of cars, hired by the tourists Maintaining a record of all the tourists, hiring vehicles from the site of Belizean Auto Rentals (BAR) Providing the customer with every piece of requisite information as per their desires and requirements Maintaining both securely and soft copy of the charges of all cars, hired by tourists Preparation of balance sheets and profit and loss statements at the end of each month Knowledge Skills and Abilities (KSAs) essential possess excellent communication ski lls in English and Spanish An engineering degree in any discipline is mandatory Additional degree such(prenominal) as MBA or any other professional course will be preferred The candidate must have a minimum of 5-10 long time experience in a similar field The candidate must have adequate local knowledge regarding the hiring rates of the rented vehicles Desirable Skills Excellent command of Microsoft Word and Excel along with other

Omnivores Dilemma - A Natural History of Four Meals is a Nonfiction Essay

Omnivores Dilemma - A Natural History of Four Meals is a Nonfiction Book by Michael Pollan - Essay ExampleThe book illustrates the American way of living from the source to the final meal that is takeen. From an economic viewpoint, there are many shortcomings of the book worth noting, such as in the Pollans self financed meals he only focuses on what is before his eyes and ignores the macroeconomic factors that influence the transparency of the cost of regimens, which is not attainable within the interconnectedness of the markets. Essentially, Omnivores Dilemma is a book about the state of Americas food production, consumption, regulation and distribution (Tyler, 2006). food for thought Chain Food chains are usually applied in ecological modelling, which provides a continuous variable for measuring passage of energy through various linear linkages from the lowest to the highest trophic feeding levels. Long food chain lengths are unstable with increasing length increases with the ecosystem size and reduction of energy at every successive level. Food chain lengths vary from three to six or even more levels. For example, a four-level food chain will consist of a flower, a frog, a snake and an owl. A five-level food chain may consist of the grass, a grasshopper, a rat, a snake and an owl. The organisms that use solar energy or light up energy to synthesize starch are the makers, such as plants. Consumers are those organisms that feed on other organisms, whereas, all food chains begin with the producer then progresses to the consumer. Therefore, all organisms within a food chain except the first one are all consumers. This fascinating journey through the food chain does not make Pollan a preacher, but he is engrossed in his thoughtfulness and so much dogged a researcher to permit ideology take over him. He is surely not a writer who is afraid of soiling his hands in the quest for a remediate understanding on the manner in which modern food is produced. For e xample, he does everything from buying his cow to the slaughterhouse, then ultimately to the dinner table. Pollan really capture how Americans eat today from the fast food to the big organic to the locally sourced, ultimately to foraging for dinner armed with a rifle. This idea examines the human diet from capitalist economy to consumption (Pollan, 2006). National Eating Disorder Americans have changed the way they eat and the usual question that arises daily is based on what will be taken for dinner. This is a simple question that can evolve to be very complex as one tries to figure it out. The evolution of human culture has a great influence on how peoples native wisdom about eating, such that the way people eat is riddled with confusion and anxiety. Most ancient and remote staple foods have abruptly disappeared from the American dinner tables and have made Americans to change the way they eat. This condition can be described as carbophobia. This was supplanted by lipophobia aro und 1977 when Americans were warned against loving the red meat during the Carter reign, which forced the Senate committee to issue a set of dietary goals.

Harvard Business Review Website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Harvard Business Review Website - Essay ExampleHarvard Business Review WebsiteThe website provides an path where readers can access the articles on distinct business topics. Additionally, readers can follow their favorite topics on the platform quickly using the search button on the website. The online version of the Review provides readers and contributors with an interactive avenue. The affairrs can interact with the contributors of specific articles by writing the reviews of the articles. On the other hand, the contributors can expound on particular aspects of their bunk to the readers through the comments and reviews section. The website allows users to access different numbers of articles based on their level of subscription. For example, new users on the site have access to only fifteen articles on monthly basis free of charge. Contrarily, subscribers to the website have unlimited access to various articles depending on their area of interest.The subscribers also have the f reedom to comment on different articles by asking questions to the contributors. The Harvard Business Review website also allows users to specify the topics they can access. The specific content and updates on the website include sharing and saving capabilities, ability of pastime specific content and personalized recommendations. The site is designed to accommodate different devices such as tablets and mobile platforms, which provides users with a broad choice of reading platforms. The use of various devices allows users to access the website from various locations across the world.

Personal Reflection Paper (Ethic class) Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Reflection Paper (Ethic class) - Thesis ExampleHad hooker chemicals ltd taken into rumination ethics in their decision to sell the site in which noxious waste had been buried. Asserting from Ethics without Sermon it could have been possible to prevent the hazardous implications if this company and the Niagara reconcile school. In the examination of ethics of business decision the following questions are crucial before any action of implementation is taken. The question which needs to be addressed before making any business decision among others may include.This question is important because it conceptualizes the expected results and implications of a decision made. Consequences and probable results are outlined, these outlined questions are used to weigh if the decision made have good or hazardous implications. Hooker chemicals intention to sell the site buried with inebriated waste should have been first examined by this question and the concept of ethics put into consi deration (Nash 2010). The company had the knowledge in regard to implication in case of human habitation and settlement and they went ahead with their intention despite the knowledge. Also the board members of Niagara Falls school were also aware with the presence of toxic and went ahead with their intention to buy the site. The decisions made by the two entities did not cross check with the likely results and the implication was that a human and environmental accident occurred.This question concerning ethics examination demarcates between intentional or non-intentional cause of injury to various stakeholders. In the case of love canal taking into consideration the knowledge limits of the two parties in regard to the presence of buried toxic waste in the site the injury caused to the stakeholders can be asserted to be intentional (Ferrell 2012). Hooker chemicals were unethical in burying toxic waste perfectly

Gender Oppression Glossary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Oppression Glossary - Essay ExampleWith that limit, gender is talked almost in a structural manner wherein the segregation of roles with pay employ custodyt is the side effect of the capitalist activities. Within the context of a family, the concept tends to explain and dig into the differences in gender roles in terms of national labour through materialist perspective. With that, the housework is part of the study and not just the employ handst. Despite of that, it failed short to create new analysis and relied solely on the ceremonious Marxist concepts. Within the bounds of employment, married women were considered to be reserved for labour when insufficient men were present to do the job to maintain the low charter rates. Being part of the reserve, married women ar allowed to work and earn on their own to provide for her and her family without depending much on the wage of her husband. Despite of that, post area War II showed how married women still had low levels of income in the job market compared to men that showed discrimination. The high turnover rates were not enough as married women could not match the demand for men workers as the former were not that of much use as the men do (Botto more(prenominal) 215). It showed how women still impoverishment to make efforts to gain equality in the ordination and they could use the Marxist feminism as a tool for understanding their situation. Patriarchy Patriarchy pertains to the society that stayed true to traditions as proven by history and following the legacy created for thousands of years. It must not be mistaken for a term pertaining directly to men but it could be related to men. It is a form of formal group of people with a social structure that heavily lean on men to run the system. Although many problems arise from that form of society, it is still prevalent. In that society, there are three factors that pertain to men domination, identification and centeredness. It involves control and in the forge females are oppressed or discriminated. In that form, domination of men occur in the form of authority in academic, military, legal, political any many more fields. Every top spots is usually reserve for males even the family structure. People usually think traditionally as women who worked themselves toward those positions were subjected to criticisms and exception to the rule topic. They wander how those females spate cope up with the abilities of males. Sometimes men who worked the tasks of females were considered to be weak and effeminate. Patriarchal society is also identification of males as the generalization of being men are attributed to being positive, desirable and normal as they link those with masculinity. A good example is the dominating rule in linguistics wherein the pronouns for men and nouns were used to cook up the people as a whole. For example, people pertain men to represent human beings while the pronoun he for a doctor. Those create the barri ers between men and women and furnish credit too much to the males. Lastly, centeredness on men happen in that form of society as their activities and decisions are the most important. The media front many stories about men and their opinions. In few occasions, women were included but are portrayed as assistants or love interests of men as those males pursue their heroic hap (Allan 6-10). This show how the traditional

Nike's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nikes - Case Study ExampleThe company lacked the diversification on its products and produced products for only many specific consumers. It shunned sports like soccer, rollerblading and golf and focused more efforts on making stead for basketball and track grocery. This lead to falling of the sales in the market and the company realized that it had to increase its sales. As a result, the company took its designs and marketing competencies and crafted newly lines of shoes for its consumers. It lined a new line of soccer shoes and started winning a big market share from the soccer market.The company lacked competences in marketing and design. To improve on it design it purchased other foot let on companies that were complimenting its products. The company lacked a marketing design of convincing its customers that its products were the best. Nike is now searching for new market acquisitions to improve its market share (Henderson et al, 2). The focus of developing new products for n ew market segments has proved to be a

Type A Influenza Virus And Why The Biology Of This Virus Is A Threat Essay

Type A Influenza Virus And Why The Biology Of This Virus Is A terror To Human - Essay ExampleThis is of great importance in the epidemiology of the disease. antigenic variability is highest in influenza virus type A and less in type B, while it has not been demonstrated in type C.The internal RNP antigen and M protein antigen are stable but both the surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, undergo separate antigenic variations, which may be of two types - antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Here, the new antigens, though different from the previous antigens, are related to them, so that they contradict with the antisera to the predecessor virus strains, to varying degrees. Antigenic drift is due to the mutation and selection, the process being influenced by the presence of antibodies to the predecessor strains in the host population. Antigenic drift accounts for the periodical epidemics of influenza.Antigenic shift, on the other hand, is an abrupt, drastic, discontinuou s variation in the antigenic structure, resulting in a novel virus strain uncorrelated antigenically to predecessor strains. Such changes may involve hemagglutinin, neuraminidase or both. Antibodies to predecessor viruses do not neutralize the new variants and can, therefore, spread widely in the population causing major epidemics or pandemics.

Lawn Care Case Essay Example for Free

Lawn armorial bearing Case Essay1) A) Currently Lawn Care focuses on tincture and innovation. Their product is said to be the best available with the highest quality grass seed and fertilizer in the world. They are also a very salubrious known company which is another competitive advantage. They specialize in providing the best and quickly delivering the product to the customer demanding the product. B) The company perceives the quality of their products, and their direct delivery to be the order winner for the company. They provide what is expected, in terms of high quality seed and fertilizer, making this also an order qualifier. Another company, such as their enemy may consider the installation they proved to be the order winner, in that it sets them apart from their competition.C) CBP2) A) Lawn Cares competitors current strategic mission is to provide a bundle package. Their competitive advantage is that they also install the product. They save the customer time, and cre ate convenience for the customer because they do not have to find and get across and plan with a third party to have the lop done. B) The competitor perceives the demand for seed, fertilizer, and sod as the order qualifier, and the installation and addendumal yard work they provide as the order winner because it sets them apart from their competition, Lawn Care.3) If Lawn Care were to add the application business to their existing business they would need to secure more employees. They would need employees who have experience in landscaping and are able to do the physical labor. This could take months to find and train the unfermented employees. They would also need to secure equipment such as lawn mowers, trucks, trailers, etc. toassist in the application side of the business. This would involve using some of their assets to purchase and later on repair and bonk upkeep, but they would achieve a gain in capital equipment assets. Lawn Care would also have to use additional res ources to market their new service bundle. The addition of installation would not do the company any good if nobody knew they were now offering the service. It may be beneficial to the company if they contacted previous customers as well to tell them of the changes and see if they need any more work done. Changing advertisements and adding new advertisements and promotions would also take months, but would benefit the company in the long run.4) Lawn Care would have to consider how the community and previous customers would react to the changes and whether they would find the change beneficial and take advantage of the new services offered. Stakeholders would be affected as well with the relocation of assets and the risks being taken by Lawn Care to add such a substantial portion to their business. The changes and how they testament tack together stock in the company is an important economic sustainability factor for the company to consider. The company was accused of pollution and other damage application mistakes before implementing this new service bundle.The company should consider environmental sustainability and because they would have more control of the application process than they did previously they will need to be more advised of how they are affecting the environment and what they can do to prevent any future claims against them. The company should also determine how they will market the product and how this will affect social sustainability. What can they do to make everyone aware of the products and gain back any customers they lost to their competition before offering the service? Lawn Care needs to consider how sustainable the service will be and make sure that it will be a lasting effort before purchasing the new equipment and implementing new processes.

Psychoanalytical Approach to Family Counseling Essay Example for Free

Psychoanalytical Approach to Family Counseling EssayWhether one is conscious(p) of it or not, we altogether have our respective worldviews. The way we view sustenance in general and our accession to it is the worldview that decl ar and guide us in e truly decision that we make in the way we cope pressures, and even as we stay fresh and enjoy sober days. Since on a particular worldview a person stands or falls, it is very essential to constantly check and evaluate ones philosophy of deportment. If I will be asked the question Which philosophy is the best philosophy? The best answer that I can come up with is, Of course, the philosophy that encourages intellectual development. Christianity is a religion that has been comp bed, every now and therefore, to m whatever philosophical persuasions and most of the time, it was either mixed with separate worldviews which were totally strange to it, or the proponents of otherwise strange worldviews have attempted to enjoin Ch ristianity to their philosophy, which inevitably have resulted in confusion and clever duplicity in individuals who follow and experiment into this game (Cheung, 2007, p. 34). For generations, spate in different civilizations have become witnesses of how their fellows advocated multiple philosophical disciplines.In fact, today, if one would just observe closely, many hold a compound of assorted beliefs that got rooted and accumulated for categorys in the family via environ noetic conditioning. The by-product of this kind of influence is an individual who cope through the varying situations and circumstances of life with the competence of a chameleon. This kind of mount will not properly alleviate in the development and growth of a person as he or she wades his/her way through college. Contrary to the perception of many, the Biblical Worldview is the one philosophy that encourages the pursuit of legitimate feelledge.It, in fact, commands the engagement of the intellect in the pursuit and geographic expedition of true scientific studies. What precipitated the period of Enlightenment? Was it not when volume were hungry for the Truth (Shelley, 1982, p. 55)? And these are periods in the history of humankind when the Biblical Worldview was being brought to the stem of societys endeavors. If there are two philosophies that developed naturally from one to another, they are Judaism and Christianity. The flow of growth from stolon to consummation is recorded in the Old and the forward-looking Testament of the Bible (Escalona, 2008, p.87). B. Literature review The Extent of Usefulness of the Theory A survey in literature reveals that there is comminuted evidence so far in studies that deliberately seek to determine the efficacies of psychodynamic approach in comparison with any of the other approaches in the treatment of antidromic behavior. A few which came out, in particular one research looked into the applicability of treatment in anorexia and bulimia cases which utilized the psychodynamic model and other models such(prenominal) as cognitive orientation treatment. Results of the experiment by Bachar et al (1999, p.67) showed positive outcomes where this particular approach was used. It must be remembered that mainstream psychological science and psychiatry widely use the cognitive model in explaining and treating abnormal behavior. In the controlled, randomized study by Bachar and team members however, the research highlighted the efficacy of psychodynamic approach in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia disorders. different studies however show that therapists usually employ a combination of cognitive and psychodynamic approaches or an integrative method in the psychological treatments and interventions (Kasl- immortalley, 2000, p.92). Many of the cases today then, reinforcing stimulus this view rather than a single method in an efficacious treatment of many of these cordial and emotional diseases. The disadvantages of the psychodynamic approach in many of the studies through with(p) based on a using this as a single method is that of the apparent difficulty of precise measurements on the treatment procedure it ego. The approach usually is limited by whether it can be exactly replicated. Specifically, one other limitation or disadvantage is that the cause of phenomena (i. e. , symptom substation) cannot be located.In addition, another setback is that not all individuals can be hypnotized when using hypnosis in the therapy specially (Kaplan, 1994, p. 431). Reference Bachar, Eytan, Yael Latzer,Shulamit Kreitler, Elliot Berry 1999. Empirical comparison of two psychological therapies Self Psychology and Cognitive Orientation in the treatment of Anorezia and Bulimia. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. American Psychiatric Association 8115-128, Freud, Sigmund. 1901 1990. The abnormal psychology of everyday life. New York. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Halonen, JS and JW Santrock, 1996.Psyc hology Contexts of Behavior, Dubuque, IA Brown and benchmark, p. 810. Hilgard, ER, RR Atkinson, and RC Atkinson 1983. Introduction to Psychology. 7th ed. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanich, Inc. Hurlok, E. B. 1964. Child Development. New York Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Behaviroal Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltito a greater limit Williams and Wilkins. Kasl-Godley, Julia 2000. Psychosocial intervention for individuals with dementia An integration of theory, therapy, and a clinical understanding of dementia.Clinical Psychological Review. Vol. 20(6). Leahey, B. B. 1995. Psychology An Introduction. Iowa WCB Brown and Benchmark. Rathus, S. A. 1990. Psychology 4th ed. Orlando Fl. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Sdorow, L. M. 1995. Psychology, 3rd ed. Dubuque, IAWCB Brown and Benchmark Publishers Santrock, J. W. 2000. Psychology. New York McGraw-Hill. ________ Models of abnormality http//intranet 1. sutcol. ac. uk888/NEC/MATERIAL/PDFS/PSYCHO/ASPSYCHO/23U2_T5. PDF Part II. Integration Section A. Introduction Nowhere is rede more than relevant than the conditions and dilemmas faced by man today.The Bible mentions about the the fears that assail humans then during the early days, and which will be experienced also as time draws to a close. Jeremiah 178 implies about the kind of fear which some if not many, will succumb when heat comes (RSV). This illustrates as well that the stressful days are exclusively natural to ones foundation an affliction to being born into a fallen world. Ephesians 2 is even more clear what befalls on a person who is dead in trespasses and sins (KJV) he is subject to the dictates of a world system (v. 2a, KJV), being in the clutches of the evil spirit (v. 2b, KJV), and awaits the anger that God has on them (v.3, KJV). All these may position any individual to a life of anxiety, depression, wrongful habits ((v. 3, KJV), substance abuse and other addic tions that definitely determine the descent of overall cordial and physical health. The functioning therefore of any person may be compromised and taxed to the limits, producing individuals who are abusive and getting abused. When not operating in optimal condition, man is sure to experience what psychology tends to diagnose and label as malfunctioning and maladjusted at worst, the evidence of mental institutions existence unless shows how this truth has long been spoken about in the Bible.Hence, the Bible becoming more relevant, and a theologically and scientifically trained counselor is even more hireed these days. In the field of counselling, the primary considerations that those in the field who are practicing directly or indirectly have something to do with the previously held belief system, or the worldview or philosophy dirty dog the notion of human behaviour. This goes to say that one who ventures into the business of healing and curing emotions and psychological probl ems must get into a utter(a) understanding of his/her personal approach to the study of human behaviour.The counselor seeks to explain human nature, the issue of sin or prbably emphasizing or reducing the scriptural mandate and Gods verdict (whichever side he/she is on), and which eventually dictates intervention strategies, if any. It is even bold as to say that counseling in some(prenominal) front is basically religious in nature because in the end, what is upheld or emphasized by the counselor expresses deep-rooted philosophy or religious beliefs.The constitution thus seeks to present a personal understanding of how practice in counseling is believed to be done considering the personal qualities, depth and realizations of Biblical truths (this is pre-eminent), and many of the aggregate concepts that comprise the practice of counseling in ones context of use. Being in contemporary America, with the recent economic meltdown that leave many strike and shocked of the reduction of most of their economic capabilities to barely the minimum, being relevant as a counselor is not only a necessity, and it is the very important ingredient to suspensoring many survive with their mental faculties intact.Therefore, this paper makes bold assumptions about human nature in general, how this is addressed in divers(a) situations that the average man will be meeting, and how growth (which is interpreted as a positive direction the individual will take) in all areas of his existence may take place. B. Psychoanalytic therapy Leading figures Primary importance is given into the development of one of the most influential disciplines in the world today and that is psychology. This is collectible to the fact that psychology seemed almost foremost in virtually every kind of decision making process that man makes.Because of this serious biblical ministers and/or scholars or theologians have long studied these effects and have come up with their answers and with their verdict. A Brief History of Modern Psychology by Ludy T. Benjamin, junior (2006, p. 23) starts to trace the roots of psychology when Wundt, in 1879, initiated what is now recognized as the first psychology laboratory. The author Benjamin satisfies the reader on what made the psychology today a very much pursued subject of inte respire as well as a career.Tackling on the lives of the people foremost in this discipline, the book made an otherwise boring and usually uninteresting subject matter into an exciting topic any student will be fit to handle. The author mentioned details of the pioneers lives and the social milieu that characterized their lives and culture during their day which in all realistic evaluation had made its contribution to what their theoretical emplacements had developed. Other important highlights include the development of psychological tests and assessment techniques that Stanford and Binet spearheaded among others.The following narrative on one of psychologys key p layers and foremost in what is now know as the first force in the field gives the reader the importance of their contribution to cotemporary psychology (Benjamin, 2006, p. 76). -Freud, Sigmund Viennese neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis (1856-1939) took his medical degree at the University of Vienna in 1881 and planned a specialists career in neurology. Lack of means forced him to abandon his research interests for a clinical career.His interest in what was to become psychoanalysis developed during his collaboration with Josef Breuer in 1884, which resulted in Studies in Hysteria, The Interpretation of Dreams appeared in 1900, Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex in 1905, and the General Introduction to Psychoanalysis in 1916 a book which contained the evolving theory of the libido and the unconscious(p)ness, in subsequent years, Freuds outlook became increasingly broad as revealed by the titles of his later works (Benjamin, 2006, p. 54).C. Psychoanalytic Theory The psycho dynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and unconscious struggles within person. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society.Not all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freuds original ideas, but most would view normal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. This paper attempts to let on itself in trying to not only understand the theory that Freud pioneered and polished by some of his faithful followers but especially determine the extent of its usefulness in explaining and treating abnormal behavior.. It is the aim of the author to present in precis a description and exp lanation of the psychodynamic approach and its usefulness in the context of abnormal behavior (Kaplan, 1994, p.657). To interpret the theoretical framework of Freud in the context of the Christian religion or Biblical Christianity is essential in order to perk up whether their fundamental teachings can mix well in mainstream Christianity. Freud taught about the personality constructs of id, ego and superego about free association, instincts (life and death) his very controversial psychosexual stages of oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital the fixation and cathexis concepts. In general this is a theory of personality dynamics which is aimed at the motivational and emotional components of personality.It sounds good that according to Freud, man inherits the life and death instincts (libido and mortido). In the Biblical perspective, however, all these concepts are traceable to the sinful nature which all human species have inherited from the first couple ex and Eve. In some portio ns of the Biblical record (Roman 512), Adam is said to be the federal head and from him has proceeded both sinful nature, which is inherent in all men, and death which is the Falls eventual outcome.The Bible highlights sin as the main problem of all of the manifestations of abnormality as reflected or manifested in the caput or human behavior (Bobgan, 1987, p. 543). This theory discounts religions Gods pre-eminence, sovereignty and will, and active role in a persons life. It also discounts mans ultimate accountability before an almighty God. Moreover, it discounts many of the fundamentals that the Bible teaches, like sin and repentance, just Freuds other followers propounded (Bobgan, 1987, p. 544). Fundamentally, environment is not to be blamed.Nothing could be more accurate than stating it in exactly the same manner that the Apostle has echoed the true state of affairs. It is someways true to say, Its all up in the mind. People violate neighbors because first they have violated the laws of God. And so, In the futility of their mind, having their understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart who, being past witnessing, have given themselves over to lewdness, to work all uncleanness with greediness (Eph.417-19). As workaday news in the headlines air everyday, and practically speaking, people have made it their daily business to work driven by greed, never minding what they leave behind in their wake. Because the fight has long been lost which is in the level of consciousness everyone now is at the mercy of chance, relationally, in this world. And it goes both ways. Many of the disorders or mental disorderes recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists.From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freuds camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994, p. 76, 98, 456). I. The Psychodynamic concepts A. Theory of Instincts Libido, Narcissism, Instincts and Pleasure Reality Principles. Freud employed libido to denote to that force by which the sexual instinct is represent in the mind. This concept is quite crude or raw in its form hence this refers far more than coitus.Narcissism was developed by Freud as his explanation of people who happened to have lost libido and found that in the pre-occupation of the self or the ego, like in the cases of dementia praecox or schizophrenia. Persons afflicted with this mental illness appeared to have been reserved or withdrawing from other people or objects. This led Freud to conclude that a loss of contact with reality is usually common among such patients. The libido that he conceptualized as innate in every person is herein explained as invested somewhere else and that is precisely the role of self-love or narcissism in the life of one afflicted.The o ccurrence of narcissism is not only among people with psychoses but also with what he calls neurotic persons or in normal people especially when undergoing conditions such as a physical disease or sleep. Freud explains further that narcissism exists already at birth hence, one can convey realistically that newborn babies are wholly narcissistic (Sdorow, 1995, p. 67). Freud classified instincts into different distinguishing dimensions namely ego instincts, aggression, and life and death instincts. egotism instincts are the self-preservative aspects within the person, fleck aggression is a separate construct or structure of the mind which is not a part of the self-preservative nature of the human mind. Its source is found in the muscles while its objective is destruction. Life and death instincts called Eros and Thanatos are forces within the person that pulls in opposite directions. Death instinct is a more powerful force than life instinct (Rathus, 1988, p. 55). The pleasure and r eality principles are distinct ideas that assistance understand the other aspects of Freuds theory.The latter is largely a learned function and important in postponing the need to satisfy the self (Sdorow, 1995, p. 98). B. Topographical theory of the mind Much like real physical routine or description of a land area, the topographical theory appeared as attempt to designate areas of the mind into divisions the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious. The Unconscious mind is shrouded in mystery (Kaplan, 1994). It is the bank deposit of repressed ideas, experiences and/or affects that are primary considerations when the person is in therapy or treatment.It contains biological instincts such as sex and aggression. Some unconscious urges cannot be experienced consciously because mental images and words could not portray them all in their color and fury. Other unconscious urges may be kept below the push through by repression. It is recognized as inaccessible to consciousness but can become conscious by means of the preconscious. Its content is confined to wishes seeking achievement and may provide the motive force for the formation of dream and neurotic symptoms.In other words, unconscious forces represent wishes, desires or thoughts, that, because of their disturbing or grim content, we automatically repress and cannot voluntarily access (Santrock, 2000, p. 43). The Preconscious is a region of the mind which is not inborn but developed only when childhood stage is beginning to emerge. The preconscious mind contains elements of experience that presently out of awareness but are made conscious simply by focusing on them. Freud labelled the region that poked through into the light of awareness as the Conscious part of the mind.Conscious thoughts are wishes, desires, or thoughts that we are aware of, or can recall, at any given moment. It is closely related in understanding as that of the organ of attention operating with the preconscious. With attention the individual is able to perceive external stimuli. However, Freud theorized that our conscious thoughts are only a small part of our total mental activity, much of which involves unconscious thoughts or forces (Leahey, 1995, p. 433). C. Structural Theory of the MindFreud conceptualized the mind into what is called as three provinces equivalent to its functions the id, ego and superego. The id is that aspect which only looks forward to gratifying any of its desires and without any delay. The ego is the structure of the mind which begins to develop during the first year of life, largely because a childs demands for gratification cannot all be met immediately. The ego stands for reason and good sense (Freud, 1901, p. 22), for rational ways of coping with frustrations.It curbs the appetites of the id and makes plans that are compatible with social convention so that a person can find gratification yet avert the censure of others. In contrast to the ids pleasure, the ego follows the r eality principle. The reality principle has a policy of satisfying a wish or desire only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). The superego develops throughout early childhood, usually incorporating the moral standards and value of parents and important members of the community through identification.The superego holds forth shining examples of an ideal self and also acts like the conscience, an internal moral guardian. without life, the superego monitors the intentions of the ego and hands out judgment of right and wrong. It floods the ego with feelings of guilt and shame when the verdict is invalidating (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). As children learn that they must follow rules and regulations in satisfying their wishes, they develop a superego. The superego, which is Freuds third division of the mind, develops from the ego during early childhood (Hurlock, 196, p.66). Through interactions with the parents or caregivers, a child develops a superego by taking on or incorporating the parents or caregivers standards, values, and rules. The superegos power is in making the person feel guilty if the rules are discovered the pleasure-seeking, id wants to avoid feeling guilty. It is motivated to listen to the superego as a moral guardian or conscience that is trying to control the ids wishes and impulses (Hilgard, et al, 1979).From the Freudian perspective, a healthy personality has found ways to gratify most of the ids demands without seriously offending the superego. Most of the ids rest demands are contained or repressed. If the ego is not a good problem solver or if the superego is too stern, the ego will have a catchy time of it (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). D. Therapeutic oddments Sigmund Freud offered a psychoanalytic viewpoint on the diagnosis and understanding of a persons mental health. Other perspectives, the behavioristic figure of speech offers to see this in a different light.The psychoanalytic perspecti ve emphasizes childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious mind in determining future behavior and in explaining and understanding current based on past behavior. Basing on his personality constructs of the Id, Ego and the Superego, Freud sees a mentally healthy person as possessing what he calls Ego strength. On the other hand, the behavior therapist sees a person as a learner in his environment, with the brain as his primary organ of excerption and vehicle for acquiring his social functioning.With this paradigm, mental health is a result of the environments impact on the person he learns to fear or to be happy and therein lies the important key in understanding a persons mental state. Considering that the achievement and maintenance of mental health is one of the pursuits of psychology, the following is a apprise outline of what psychologists would endorse a healthy lifestyle. The individual must consider each of the following and incorporate these in his/her day to day affairs 1. The Medical doctors viewpoint well-being emphasis than the illness model2. The Spiritual viewpoint- a vital spiritual growth must be on check. 3. The Psychologists viewpoint- emotional and relationship factors in balance. 4. The Nutritionists viewpoint putting nutrition and health as top priority. 5. The Fitness Experts viewpoint- Exercise as part of a daily regimen. The theory I have in mind then is an amalgamation of several approaches, primarily the integration of the Christian worldview and the theories set forth by Cognitive-behaviorists and psychoanalytic models, and biological/physical continuum.There are other good models but a lot of reasons exist why they cannot be good enough a lot depends on my own personality. Being authentic to who you are, your passion, is effectively communicated across an audience whether it is a negative or positive one. The basic way of doing the amalgamation or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the r est of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter.It is understood then, that I good examined each of the theory and set them against the backdrop of spirituality. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that I am convinced with, has violate chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering. To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or theology) are properly considered.Thoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual only that troubles deck out when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension betwee n the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of messiah Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God. If we start to equate ourselves with that notion (which is usually happening) and we start to think that we are balanced, then we sure lack understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that we are deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why we need help. What are your general goals in therapy? Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychologys scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals. Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or secular preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectivenes s, we want to know them.If all problems are at core spiritual matters we dont want to neglect the critically necessary resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychological theory (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000). Dr. Crabbs position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and therapeutic or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al., 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years. Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved ones attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of me ntal illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006).The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty adjudicate the home(a) conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are define moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client.Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impo ssible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications.It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of detail treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized.It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e. g. , learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a combination of many mod alities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). E. Summary Every theoretical approach has its own assumptions. In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help guide a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the overt manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental illness.They are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will better help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions are There are instinctive urges that drive personality formation. Personality growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties. Unresolved anxieties produce neurotic symptoms (Source Models of abnormality, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). The goals of treatment here include to alleviate patient of the symptoms is to uncover and work th rough unconscious conflict.The task of psychoanalytic therapy is to make the unconscious conscious to the patient (Models of abnormality, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. Reference Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald. 2001. The Art of Integrative Counseling.Article 29 scheming an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice Retrieved May 9, 2009 in http//counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas04/29. pdf Crabb, Larry, 2000. Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http//books. google. com/books? id=Rn-f2zL01ZwCpg=PA11lpg=PA11dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb+critiquesource=webots=WFVYLIqP1nsig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14PPA19,M1 Davison, Gerald C . and John M. Neale. 2001. vicarious Psychology. Eighth ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert 2001.Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore Williams and Wilkins. Benjamin, Ludy T. Jr. 2006. A brief history of Psychology. Wiley-Blackwell 1 edition. Bobgan, Martin Deidre. 1987. Psychology Science or Religion? From Psychoheresy The psychological seduction of Christianity. Eastgate Publishers. Retrieved May 6, 2009. http//www. rapidnet. com/jbeard/bdm/Psychology/psych. htm Boring, Edwin G. et. al. 1948. Foundat