How Useful Are the 4Ps to Marketing Managers Today ? Essay -- product,

Marketing managers use selling mix as a communication channel tool in marketing. Marketing mix synonymous with the 4Ps which were amended and listed by Eugene McCarthy as Product, Place , Price and Promotion.First of all, Product refers to the product should fit the depute the target consumers want it for, it should work , and it should be what the consumers expected to get. For instance, its packaging, labeling and offering. in that respectfore, this al dashs remind marketing managers need to do careful research on how long the carriage cycle of the product is likely to be and focus their attention on different challenges that they are facing when they are developing the product.Secondly, Place (distribution) means that the way in which the product meets customers needs, the product should be easy for the consumers to shop. This may be a high street shop, mail order through a enumeration or it may even be doorstep deli genuinely. Various strategies such as intensive distribut ion, selective distribution, exclusive distribution and franchising can be employ by the marketing managers to complement the other aspects of the 4Ps. Thirdly, Price refers to the product should always be seen as representing good value for m atomic number 53y. However, this does not mean that it should be the cheapest available, one of the main tenets of the marketing concept is that customers are usually prepared to pay a little more for something that really works well for them. The price is very important as being determined , it may affect the demands, sales ,the keep companys profit and hence, survival. Adjusting the price has a profound impact on the marketing strategy. There are 3 basic pricing strategies market skimming pricing, market penetration pricing and neutral pricing. The reference val... ...personnel who will be responsible for analysis, planning and implementation. The go-ahead set up marketing department or sales department to undertake the marketing funct ions ,sometimes it would hire some experts from outside to engage in real activities, such as market analysts and advertising experts. As a result, people in other area in the enterprise would decoupling from the marketing area ,at the meantime, the marketing managers are not involved in product design, production, delivery, customer service,advice handling and other activities (Christion Gronroos, 1994), thus leading to potential conflicts between each functional department. If the company produces the appropriate products, set appropriate prices, use appropriate distribution channels, and supported by appropriate promotional activities, then the company will success (Kotler, 2001).

Bvaria

Even after university studies, it is not always easy for refashions to stay up-to-date and at the alike(p) time trust their existing expertise. Professionals also flip to be prep bed to switch Jobs, get usanced to new working environments and stay flexible. And finally they hold up to deal with high expectations and the pressure to perform. Of course in that location are different coder to choose from at EVIL Wakening, and one disciple is different from another. and many of you aspire to become professionals often in an international context, and you pass on come across the situation as described above. Nice you all. So what else do you have in common? You impart ark with other people (colleagues, clients, commissioners) and you have to relate to them in one way or another. That means converse is central. incline is crucial you instantly need to learn to use spoken and written face, so that it becomes natural to you to work and learn in that language. You will need to deed of conveyance professionally, that means you need to show certain professional behaviors and a grown-up spatial relation. Other people need to assert on you and your sense of responsibility.You have to learn safe (career) choices in life, and do things as well as you can without underperforming or overstretching yourself. This is why we try to prepare you for a professional career, so that you can be confident that upon graduation, you a have much than sufficient skills and knowledge, as well as the right attitude, to work in such changing environments, whilst keeping your strait cool. So that, wherever you are and wherever you work, you are aware of the things that you still need to learn, but also of the things that you are good at and that you can rely on.And that whatever happens, you are prepared to queue out and extend with other people about what is needed. Whether you are working as an employee or perhaps later, in more senior position, managing others. In more formal confiness, the goal of working on your competences F and G is therefore to develop students abilities to communicate and collaborate professionally in an international context, and to engage in a exercise of developing themselves professionally. This is done through a wholee coder of Mentoring, Training and English sessions. In the first two terms of year 1, we take the first steps towards that goal. 1. 2 General Content The study unit is offered through a combined programmer of Mentoring, Training and English sessions. Mentoring Topics Performance and study progression of student Professional orientation Wellbeing of student Description Monitoring of study progress and confine of the individual student in relation to her/ his personal and professional behavior and development. The wise man (a staff member from the Course Programmer) supports professional orientation at the end of term 2 in the choice of major.Training Communication, feedback (inch. Peer judgment skills ) Teamwork, Task process and police squad process, exercises) Reflection Planning work and study skills collar driveing sessions per term in order to start understanding the above mentioned topics and begin to demonstrate skills and use tools that are practiced in the sessions. English pre-test aim 82 CHEF expression acquisition listening and breeding Academic Purposes Description Six sessions per term in which students first do a preliminary test.Students are instructed on vocabulary acquisition, and have the fortune to write practice stems during the term targeted on specific purposes. Sessions further emphasize on penning skills. In addition, students practice text analysis & reading comprehension with (critical) analysis. Please note that for the English sessions there is a separate annual. 2. Competences and Learning objectives 2. 1 Competence and aim This study unit develops two very related competences, which are offered for students of all Bachelor programmer of E VIL in a generic way.Competence F To communicate in an international setting Competence F is a very broad competence encompassing spoken and written English, developing skills such as listening, presenting, interviewing, writing, working in teams effectively. It is heightened on communication in the professional international setting and at times this also touches on interpersonal (life) communication skills too egg fleeting, giving and receiving feedback, cross-cultural understanding. At higher levels the practice and understanding of similar qualities may be repeated but in more complex situations, or in a different role, egg as a manager, advisor etc.Competence G To develop professional behavior Competence G is all about learning to adopt an attitude needed for a professional taking responsibility, performing according to your abilities and qualities, being able to adapt to the circumstances, including manipulation cultural differences. This includes knowing yourself well with your strengths and weaknesses, acting upon those nakedness egg by setting learning goals for yourself. Again, the focus is on qualities needed for a professional attitude but these qualities are never far from more general life qualities, egg setting priorities, making choices.It is obvious that professional behavior is often very much integrated with communication (so with competence F) and therefore the two competences are usually mentioned together. In the first year of studies these competences are offered at level 1 Please be reminded that for the English sessions there is a separate manual. 2. 2 Learning objectives The objectives for this study unit (terms 1 and 2 of year 1) are as follows Students show knowledge and understanding of interpersonal professional communication, and of the importance developing these competencies for their studies at EVIL.Students show reflection skills focused on their teamwork experience and begin to use different instruments to study effectivel y, to communicate and develop professionally. Students begin to feel at ease with using the English language on a daily foundation and learn to use it correctly and independently in a professional and academic context both in verbal and written forms. Level of English is based on the Common European Framework of Reference (CHEF), year 1 Bal for reading, listening, 2. Professional role The relevance of what students learn in this study unit is that it gets them started in their studies and the way of studying and learning at EVIL. This includes how to get to grips with a task as a team. Besides teamwork, we also wish to train students in becoming reflective about the quality of their (team) work how did it go? What was my role? What did others do? How could I do better next time? In many professional situations team work is a key feature of day to day work and by starting to do this early on, we intend to train students thoroughly.We use the same teams that work together on assignmen ts for other study units. 3. Learning methods and Learning activities 3. 1 General outline Generally speaking there are 3 methods of teaching and learning in the study unit Professional Behavior and Communication, and they complement each other. On Black senesce you will find an overview of different activities related to the first and second term of BBC under the name Timeline BBC. Mentoring Mentoring means the monitoring of your study progress and supporting you as an individual student in relation to your personal and professional behavior and development.The mentor is usually a staff member from your Course Programmer and will also support you in your professional orientation, for example at the end of term 2 in the choice of major. In the mentoring time, you have individual run acrosss with your mentor. In several cases you have to prepare yourself for such meetings, for example by writing something in advance and by placing it on your own digital space on Blackboard. Usually your mentor will meet her or his group of mentoring students (10 students) all together, in the first or second hebdomad of each term.After that, 2 individual meetings will be held each term and you and your mentor have to arrange for this. Training Each term, three training sessions (of 3 hours each) are held. These trainings are interactive group sessions, where a lot of communication skills and certain tools are being practiced and discussed, and real-life situations are simulated. Your trainer is a specialized communication trainer and he or she will not be afraid to challenge you ND invite you to go Just a little further than what you normally do. Trainings are often bid but of course it is all about very serious and real competences to be developed.In several cases you have to prepare yourself for your training, for example by self-study (reading or writing something in advance) and bringing examples from your own experience to the training live, and/or by placing something you have written on your digital space on Blackboard. English programmer of self-study as instructed in the separate manual. At the beginning of the first term students do a preliminary test. Students are instructed on vocabulary acquisition, and have the opportunity to write practice papers during the term targeted on specific purposes.Sessions further emphasize on writing skills. In addition, students practice text analysis & reading comprehension with (critical) analysis. Please be reminded that for English there is a separate manual. 3. 2 Supporting lessons Mentoring programmer boundary 1 1 . Plenary intro to BBC by the co-ordination What is BBC, meaning of competences F Pathway of year 1 focusing on BBC Important tips (use of your digital space on Blackboard, prepare for your sessions) 2. Group meeting with your mentor Getting to know your mentor and each other Submitting your c.v. and portrait 3.Two (2) individual meetings with mentor Discuss progress and difficulties study skills, team work Term 2 4. Study Abroad Event in week 1 5. Group meeting about choice of major and placement (with mentor or otherwise) 6. Two (2) individual meetings (or 3 very short ones) with mentor Discuss results of first term, discuss reflective report written for assessment term 1 Discuss progress and difficulties study skills, team work Training sessions 1 . Introduction to communication and Team work l What is communication and why is it so important?What is the scope that we have in these trainings? What is Team work? The 3 aspects of team work Product (or task), Task process, Team process. In this term well focus on Task process the hardware of the collaboration process, or the maps and steps involved. Practicing with task process (exercise in class). How to make sure to use this in your term team assignment? 2. Study skills Discussing and practicing different skills Planning, preparing, reading books, writing an action plan, summarizing, repeating, inquire questions. Discussing experiences with teamwork during the term.Tips for improvement. 3. Reflection I and Practice for assessment What is reflection and why should we reflect? Report. Practicing the procedure for the assessment. Term 4. Teamwork II Looking back in plenary on Task process in 1st term. Lessons learnt Repeating 3 aspects of Team work, now focus on Team process the software of collaboration. Exercise with team work, focusing on team process 5. Face to face communication skills Discussing and practicing different skills listening, summarizing, asking questions, rephrasing, non-verbal reactions.Feedback rules of giving and receiving feedback, Shari window. 6. Preparing for a Personal Development Plan Using a format for a PDP Formulating SMART what is it, why is it important. Practicing the use of the format in a SMART way English sessions Be reminded that for English there is a separate manual, giving you all the details of the lessons and preparations needed. 3. 3 Assignments On Bl ackboard you will find an overview of different activities related to the first and second term of BBC under the name Timeline BBC.In this Timeline you also find products that we expect you to submit or upload on your digital space in Blackboard. In summary the assignments for mentoring and training (not including English) are as follows Week 1 Initial choice of major for mentor, major co-ordination and programmer co- ordination. Week 2 Submit your c.v. and portrait by uploading on your digital space on Blackboard for mentor. Not marked Week 8/9 Write reflective report for assessment. Exact deadline to be communicated by trainer. Upload on Blackboard for assessor to be marked, also visible for mentor. Term 2End of week 8 Write and submit Personal Development Plan including initial choice of major and an image of your dreamed first placement. Upload on Blackboard for mentor, also visible for trainer. Not marked, but will be subsequently discussed with mentor at the beginning of term 3. In addition to the above, you are strongly counsel to prepare for the individual mentoring meetings by thinking about how you are doing study-wise, what needs your special attention, what should be discussed with the mentor, This may also include writing down a number of points. 4. Examination 4. 1 General outlineFor this study unit, two partial examinations are organized, WAGE PAW (40%) and WAGE PAW (60%), together providing the final locate for this study unit. Together the two exams need to have a leaden average of 5,5 to pass the study unit (of 5 SEC). Examination in term 1 Type of assessment team meeting (week 7 or 8), individual written paper (week 8/9) In week 7 or 8 a team meeting is organized for the team that worked together during term, under guidance of the trainer, in which a peer assessment is carried out, with a duration of 45 minutes total. Immediately before this team meeting, students get 30 minutes to prepare individually.The peer assessment discusses task process (procedures, road map, methods) and team process (task sharing, team meeting skills, communication skills). Afterwards, at home, students write an individual reflection paper (based on a format) about teamwork during the term and taking on board the feedback from peers. Paper is marked. The procedure of the peer assessment will be practiced during one of the training sessions. WAGE PAW Writing a formal paper Examination in term 2 Type of assessment written exam The written assessment takes place in a computer room on a stand-alone computer, o students can only use Word.Students are allowed to bring dictionaries and grammar reference books, which are clean (no notes inside) and may be inspected by the supervisor. Students get a writing assignment at the start of the assessment and then write a paper (memo, letter, report, proposal, essay) of about 350 words in one hundred twenty minutes. Topic of the paper is only known in the exam room. Paper is assessed on English pr oficiency using criteria such as accuracy of grammar and vocabulary, mindfulness of organization and structure of paragraphs, and awareness of style and audience. 4. 2 Criteria and gradingWAGE PAW Reflecting on team work Bottom mark 5 Weighing 40% chump criteria Student is capable of writing a 750-1000 words reflective paper, in which the opinions of others are compared with those of self. Student uses the offered format for reflection. Student selects relevant situations and can formulate admit reflection questions about these situations. Student draws conclusions and lessons learnt. Weighing 60% Students can write an accurate, formal paper Students start becoming aware of and are capable of applying base rules of paragraphing and layouts of different types of professional and academic comments.Students start becoming aware of differences in formal and informal writing styles Students start increasing their corpus of active vocabulary in both writing and speaking. Together the t wo exams need to have a weighted average of 5,5 to pass the study unit (of 5 SEC). 4. 3 Resist A partial examination has to be retaken when the grade is lower than 5. When both partial exams are 5 or higher but the weighted average is lower than 5,5, the student can choose which exam to resist. Both partial examinations can be retaken in the term following the normal assessment moment.

Mini Dialectic Journal

This old lore I had forgotten else I was not here.In the first scene, we see Teiresias brought in front of Oedipus to talk about the prophecy. He knows the true identity of the King, but feels like it is a burden for him to know it at all. He knows that it wouldnt profit him to know the truth about Oedipus and the prophecy. He regrets being thither, and wished that if he could have just forgotten it, and so he wont have to be in that place. As a prophet, Teiresias felt compelled to ordinate the truth though he knows that it wont get him. He got dragged in the situation thats why its really is burdensome for him.Ode 1 CHORUS Sore perplexed am I by the words of the master seer. Are they true, are they false? I know not and bridle my tongue for fear, Fluttered with vague surmise nor present nor future is clear. brawl of ancient date or in days still near know I none Twixt the Labdacidan house and our ruler, Polybus son. Proof is there none how then can I challenge our Kings good na me, How in a blood-feud join for an untracked deed of shame?In this part, the chorus is somewhat doubting Teiresias and is array with Oedipus. Theyre saying that what the old prophets words were confusing, and because of this ambiguity, there is a hint of doubt in the prophecy. They dare not challenge the rectitude of the good King Oedipus, as there is not a good deal proof in what the prophet is saying. Because of this, none of them really knows what lies ahead in the future.Scene 2 CREON Were not his wits and vision all astray, when upon me he fixed this monstrous charge?When Oedipus and Teiresias argued, it unfolded to the King that someone would dethrone him, and it was Creon. Creon, brazened, stood up to question his Kings assumptions. He reasoned out that the prophet may be out of his mind when he said such things to Oedipus, which he shouldnt believe much of what he says.Ode 2 CHORUS My lot be still to lead The life of innocence and fly Irreverence in word or deed, To n umber still those laws ordained on high Whose birthplace is the bright ethereal sky No mortal birth they own, Olympus their progenitor alone Neer shall they stillness in oblivion cold, The god in them is strong and grows not old.Still, Oedipus is devoid of the truth. He consults the gods, yet none of them seems to hear his woes and prayers. As a King who knows vigor about himself, he feels fear, anger and pity for himself. All he wanted to know was who his true parents are, but how will he now about it, if theres know hope left for him to find the truth.Scene 3 JOCASTA My greetings to thee, stranger thy fair words Deserve a like response. But tell me why Thou comestwhat thy need or what thy news.Jocasta receives a visitor, who came to tell them that Polybus, Oedipus father has died. She thought that because of this, Oedipus was freed of the prophecy, only to find out that Polybus was really not the Kings father. Jocasta thought it was great news at first, only to find out that it would be a nail in the coffin for them. The visitor finally confirm that Polybus and Merope were not Oedipus real parents.Ode 3 CHORUS Child, who bare thee, nymph or goddess? sure thy sure was more than man, Haply the hill-roamer Pan. Of did Loxias beget thee, for he haunts the upland wold Or Cyllenes lord, or Bacchus, dweller on the hilltops cold? Did some Heliconian Oread give him thee, a new-born joy? Nymphs with whom he love to toy?At this part, the chorus questions that the real parents of harming Oedipus, as the King himself doesnt know anything about it. All that has unfolded to him that moment was realizations that he grew up knowing slide fastener about his own self, and as the truths became known, easy he understands that there is a possibility that the prophecy about him has already been fulfilled.Scene 4 OEDIPUS Ah me Ah me All brought to pass, all true O light, may I behold thee nevermore I stand a wretch, in birth, in wedlock cursed, A parricide, incestuously, tr iply cursedThis part is the savage realization that it was really him whos mentioned in the prophecy, as confirmed by the shepherd. He killed his own father, and married his own mother Jocasta. He wasnt able to carry on all the bitter realizations in the end, despite all his greatness as a king. He was still a human being, weak at heart.Ode 4 CHORUS O heavy hand of fate Who now more desolate, Whose tale more sad than thine, whose lot more dire?This is the summary of emotions felt in the story. Oedipus feels nothing but sadness, as his life has been full of lies. As he discovers the truth about himself, he learns that the prophecy has been true. He is the murderer of his father and had an incestuous relationship with his mother. Nothing could be worst that what he experienced.Exodos OEDIPUS Dark, dark The horror of darkness, like a shroud, Wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud. Ah me, ah me What spasms athwart me shoot, What pangs of agonizing memory? afterward knowing the truth bout his life, Oedipus blinded himself, and has exiled himself away from the city. The haunting memory of his past would always be with him, thats why he could not bear live in the light.Works CitedSophocles Oedipus the King. 2000. April 1 2008. .Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. 2nd ed. New York Oxford University Publishing, 2001.SparkNotes. Oedipus Plays. 2006. April 1 2008. .. Oedipus the King. 2006. April 1 2008. .

Characters in Hamlet and Claudius Essay

* Themes* Certainty and Uncertainty* Because of all the deceit and theme of appearance and reality, e actually parting is uncertain of who they atomic number 18 and who others are really like. No one knows for sure and is certain who anyone is anymore. * The audience is confused and not sure of the character Hamlet, Gertrude, Ophelia etc are anymore- there are so more attitudes and situations in the play that make these characters uncertain. * Hamlet and his antic disposition- he pretended to be mad but towards the end it also seemed as if he actually went mad.* It is uncertain that Gertrude is a queen blinded by Claudius and Hamlet or a person who doesnt care about what happened to King Hamlet and honourable wants to stay in military force. She can also be viewed as an incestuous woman. No one knows for sure anymore. * Ophelia starts out as a distraught fille who is in love with hamlet but then goes crazy when she finds out he doesnt love her. It is not certain who Ophelia re ally is as her character is ambiguous in general. * Appearance and reality* King Claudius appears to be good man but in reality he is the murderer of the King Hamlet. venally and criminally took the throne for himself. * Polonius seems like a loving father but in reality he is a manipulative and worthless man. * Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are both twins who appear to be hamlets friends but in reality they are spies working for Claudius. * Struggle for power* Claudius murdered King Hamlet to gain power (the throne) * Polonius lies to Ophelia in order to gain a good eye in the favour of the king Claudius- hoping to gain some power.Soliloquies* Act III Scene 1* The soliloquy to be or not to be is an important one to note as hamlet here ponders on the topic of cobblers last. It could possibly be because he feels guilty and angry at what he has done or said up to this point- antic disposition (pretending to be mad and try to charge Claudius in the mean time etc). * He has a powerfu l and tense relationship with the thought of death and life.* Act IV Scene IV* In this soliloquy hamlet questions his own courage and his worth as a man, if he confines to be unwilling to act. He compares his overleap of action to Fortinbras and his troops who are willing to risk all. * The issue of Hamlet acting too late in killing Claudius ponders hamlets mind, thinking whether it was good to wait or spoilt to wait or whether it was worth it.Characters* Hamlet* Main character, antic disposition, madness, falseness, anger* Ophelia* Hamlets lover, goes insane when she finds out that Hamlet doesnt love her- even though it was a lie and he does.* Claudius* Uncle of Hamlet, brother of King Hamlet and murderer of King Hamlet. Remarried Queen Gertrude and gained power to the throne. Hamlets enemy and target on getting revenge on.* Gertrude* dumbfound of hamlet and newly remarried wife of her brother in law King Claudius. Viewed as incestuous. Finds it hard to believe or understand he r son Hamlet throughout the play.* Guildenstern and Rosencrantz* Twins who were Hamlets childhood friends but turned out to be spies for Claudius.* Polonius* Appears to be a loving father to Ophelia and Laertes but really is a manipulative and deceitful man. Yearns to have power like Claudius thus he tries to get on his good side.* Laertes* Son of Polonius and brother of Ophelia. Does not like the fact that Ophelia loves Hamlet.Quotes* Polonius and borrowing dulls the bounds of husbandry. This above all to thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man. cong my blessing season in thee he gives Laertes a blessing to go away, he sends a spy to follow him and keep an eye on him lack of trust in people. * Rosencrantz and Guildenstern A dream is but a shadow and tis as easy as lying govern these vantages with your finger and thumb, give it snorkel with your mouth. In these Acts hamlet can see they are lying and spying on him.* Claudius though yet of Hamlet our dear brother death/ the memory be green, and that it us befitted/ to bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom/ to be contracted in one brow of woe. Here he speaks kindly only to give the appearance of a loving brother, even though in reality he cares little for the old king. * Hamlet I am but mad north-north- west when the wind/is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw hamlet here is very convincing actor for even his own mother. * Gertrude Alas, Hes mad* Hamlet and Ophelia you should not have believd me/I lovd you not

Describe and Evaluate two theories of the formation of romantic relationships Essay

In 1970 Byrne and Clore introduced the reward/ need satisfaction theory for the formation of familys. They suggested that we are attracted to individuals whose presence is rewarding for us, and that naturally we find stimuli rewarding if it meets an unmet need the much rewards more or less hotshot provides for us, the more we should be attracted to them. They believed that the formation if dealingships was linked with the idea of classical and operant conditioning, with operant conditioning we are likely to repeat behaviours that leads to a enviable outcome and avoid behaviours that lead to undesirable ones, so we enter the relationships because the presence of some individuals is directly associated with reinforcement, making us read positive feelings, which makes them more loving to us.For classical conditioning, we t remainder to prefer muckle who we associate with pleasant event, so for practice if we meet someone somewhere where we are having a good time, then we will associate this person with this good time and find them more attractive in the long run. Byrne and Clore believed that the balance between positive and negative feelings in a relationship was crucial as relationships where the positive outweigh negative feelings were more likely to develop and succeed.Griffitt and Guay (1969), participants were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter and then asked to rate how much they liked the experimenter. The rating was highest when the experimenter had positively evaluated the participants performance on the task. This study supports the claim that we like people who are associated with pleasant events. This provides strong support that similarity is important in attraction, but too highlights reciprocal liking also is factor in the formation of relationships barely this may not be the only factor influencing this.The experiment was only of an fanciful description, the participant is unlikely to truly demonstrate how they feel towa rds the stranger. The experiment doesnt demonstrate interaction of people, but rather just presents a account approximately them, which reduces how far conclusions can be drawn. Although similarity may be a factor, how people socially interact is also important to how a personperceives another.In a laboratory experiment, Lehr and Gehr (2006) studied participants of both sexes to test the importance of reciprocal liking. Knowing that someone likes you is particularly rewarding and so is more likely to end up in mutual liking. Participants were given a description of a stranger, with varying degrees of similarity of the strangers attitude to the participants. In each description was a statement that the stranger either liked or did not like the participant. Researchers found significant effects for attitude similarity and liking. However this study doesnt have ecological validity from where it was done in a lab setting and didnt reflect real life situation or conditionsHowever Cate et al (1982) asked 337 individuals to assess their current relationships in terminuss of reward level and satisfaction. Results showed that reward level was superior to all other factors in determining relationship satisfaction, however this theory only explores the receiving of rewards, the results may not be completely accurate though as some people may have picked the socially desirable answers. These studies all ignore natures influence on attraction and that it is to some extent an evolutionary need to have a partner that meets physical requirements.This model may be very culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western worlds individualistic cultures. In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be entirely giving, or arranges marriages will also go against this theory as the long term is made to happen. For example, Lott (1994) suggests that in many cultures women are more focused on the needs of others rather than receiving reinforcement. This sug gests that this theory is not a universal explanation of relationship formation and therefore culturally biased.However, this theory is supported by another theory on how relationships are formed Byrne, Clore and Smeatons Similarity Theory (1986) states that it is important that people are similar in order to be able to form a relationship. They theorise that there are two stages to deciding who to seek relations with first we sort out the people most dissimilar to us andsecondly then seek out those who are most similar. Caspi and Herbener found that in married couples, those who were the happiest were those with the most similar personality traits.

Marketing Plan Of Toyota Essay

Executive SummaryA beau monde of automobiles named Toyota Motor Corporation owned by Australia has a precise vast range of motorcars. at that place is a part of manufacturing in the industry named as prius car is one of the best crisscross coactions drivers which atomic number 18 best drivers in the environment of today. It in any case creates a competitive atmosphere between other business linees due to the provision of bestfuel system. In the beginning of the report close the introduction and the background of fel scummyship is explained. There is a current analysis about the different growths, environment and competition of Toyotas operation. An analysis named as cram is conducted to tell about the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of any business and its environment. The objectives and the strategies fag end be recognized on the bases of these important factors and complicated issues. For the improvement of the product step, any(prenominal) plans ar popular opinion for the finishing of counsel. For the illustration of the bit and the performance of any product, the presented report has different types of graph of company.IntroductionIn the solid ground ranking of car manufacturing, Toyota corporation has a distinct position in manufacturing and distribution. Good performance and presentation of company is due to the comfortably planned system of company. The company gain umpteen bay laurel of market with the protagonist of many nonable features. One cannot explain the whole construction about the operation of the company. It is also considered as monopoly. This company is one biggest company of Car freighting in the world. Especi solely toldy in DC, s, the strategies of note presents this company as monopolist almost. Along with it, this system also has some features of oligopoly.The presence of squint competitors the kindred GM is also one of the discernments of this fact. Toyota is eager to see the performance o f its rivals and wishing to confirm its leadership through their actions. Toyota Motor Corporation is also manufacturing minivans, passenger vans, bending and sports automobiles end-to-end the world. There ar 45 manufacturing companies and 12 foundry of Toyota offici entirelyy attached in Japan. From the year of 2010, this corporation is doing work on its program of intentionally global vision. Policies same goods recycling and posture of pro-environment ar also illustrated by this program. It also has a new idea to give up-to-the-minute and new chances to the markets of Asia by giving them respect.It also has a goal of getting 35% of automobiles by Spout of the newly pull ined markets. In the markets of Asia, its the ides of the Toyota Company to give honor to the different wad from different communities. And spout the newly developed markets to fork over almost 35% of automobiles. There is pack of local drudgery of the automobiles for local customization. Toyota has an honor of becoming the first manufacturing organization in the year of 1990. The main focus of Toyota Company for establishing local markets is on Europe, Asia and North America. On the bases of bell efficiencies, Toyota has responded very fast by pass through the regional and hand hurdles. Toyota laid more stress on its reputation and chain of mountains. In America, the cost of Toyota products is not affordable.But customer depends and trusts on the product of Toyota so it is completing its journey success plenteousy. Toyota Company gain first rank in the year of 2007 as well(p) as in the year of 2008 in the sailing of cars. There are two distinct duties on Toyota. Due to its hybrid products and items, Toyota is going ahead in competition. Although eco- hail-fellow-well-met consumers are asking for newly established brands it is the aim of Toyota to produce new sits with advance engineering science. Another opportunity of Toyota is to make unused market for youth. A do revol ution is introduced by Scion. There are some indicators like product designing, product marketing and credit help will considered as a striking chance in future. The large population of china has identified and the purchasing power and business of Toyota increased. In this way its easy for china to establish its main office in china. Due to the economic development in South America, it increases the purchase of full size Toyotas trucks.Full sized SUV of Toyota is demanded progressively in Middle East. This is the result of appreciation of Toyota. According its efficient export system, Toyota is acting. Among the total 500 companies, Toyota is the 5th best company. In international strategies, Toyota is become successful. There is many strategies made by Toyota. There is a clear concept of performance, marketing and supply. The important and compulsory key points of Toyota are its production as well as improvement system. The concepts which make the company strong are Kaizen and new themes of many areas. To establish the chain or link of supply, management of inventory, capabilities of production and readiness method thither is a system of TPS (Toyota production system).For the domination of Toyota upon all aroundthe Toyota industry TPS make it powerful. prefatoryally, Toyota was firstly established in Japan and before long spread its root all around the world. There is no doubt about the domination of Toyota all around the world. There are some targets of Toyota like establishment of long term growth, for making the friendly dealing with large number, society and whole environment. Toyota is also providing the chances of employment in America. To achieve the higher place in international market, mostly common issues like social, economic and cultural give permission to place equity.Strategic Plan and focusFor the overall affects for the planning for Toyota, there are three main points for our focus. They are as follows, Mission Statement of the Compa nyProsperous and developed society with the help of automobiles is the aim of Toyota Corporation. For this purpose, the company is attempt for a developed and growths for long period for harmonize with all the important aspects, the prominent atmosphere, international bargain, homegrown communities and international stake holders.The Goals of the CompanyThe every model which is sold in the market, the company gives offer about the alternation of hybrid. In this way company achieve its goal of sailing 1 million of hybrid automobiles inwardly a year. And company was succeeding by achieving this goal in the year of 2012. In the year of 2011, in six different palm, Toyota Company is improving its plans. The fields are like changes in energy and climate, air forest, substance concerned, resources utilization and recycling and social cooperation. In the decreasing carbon dioxide company is playing resilient role. By seeing the values of fuel economy, the company believed in doing com bine actions.Core Competencies and Competitive AdvantagesFor getting a better economic sustainable position, company is working withthe help of international market. Company is started to invest in different kinds of strategies so that the company can get its targets with the help of latest technology. Company is full with the experts so they do research on all the aspects which are the fact that keep this company on the top. There is a large network of its distributions which help it to reach on the top.Situation AnalysisWe can give the credit to internal environment which cast off the might of high efficiency and ranking of quality. The companies which are famous in competition, it give them greater importance and top class management. For the understanding the whole position of company, we can use an analysis named SWOT which hold in the capacity of examine the advantages as well as disadvantages of company. And at last show the full situation of company.SWOT Analysis of Toyot aWe can refer advantages and disadvantages of any company as its internal factors because these have a large effect on company. On the other hand chances and threats are considered as outside aspects of company.Basic Strengths of ToyotaInnovative cultureOne of the best companies of innovation in the world is Toyota. It has a powerful custom about the innovations which are constant. Kanban, Kaizen, and TQM systems were firstly introduced in world market by Toyota this company also sell hybrid automobiles as well as famous for mass-production. Brand reputation which has the valued about $30 billionThe most valued and costly brand of automobile is Toyota. This brand is successful due to its friendly environmentally, durable and safe cars. These automobiles are wholesaled countries that number snuggle about 170 of the world. Industry is considered as a leader in production and salesLean manufacturing and total quality management are such reforms which arefirstly used by Toyota for the procedure of manufacture. For a shorter duration, company does practice and had a very low manufacturing as well as production cost throughout the world. Many companies try to replicate the system of manufacturing which is used by Toyota but Toyota is still most salaryable company throughout the world. Portfolio of a Strong brandRecently, 70 different models of car are sold by Toyota. This become the reason of awareness among great deal about this brand and also become a source of satisfaction for its clients. Prius and Corolla are the most important models of Toyota.Toyota is the leading young cars developmentIt is the thinking of Toyota Company that today environmental friendly cars become need. In the terms of CO2 emissions and fuel-efficiency for a car consumer become well-aware. And a very few companies can compete with Toyota in sell of hybrid automobiles. In 170 countries of world, in global organization, it has a powerful international rank. In 1997 Toyotas sells was 131 ,511 million yen and growth rate was 29.3%.It has an effective image on the bases of quality, environmental friendly and customized range. It is leader of industry in terms of manufacturing and production. With the help of lean approaches of manufacturing like just-in-time manufacturing, quality management etc. In all strong markets like US, China and EMEA Toyota is become 2nd largest producing company of automobiles. It has a diversified range of production.There are highly targeted markets.Company is producing vehicles for public as well as private customers. For fulfilling the needs of clients, company s using different marketing techniques. It is the brand which is also said as household brand.Weaknesses of Toyotalarge-scale recallsFor the last few decades, Toyota is a large-scale automobiles industry. In the years of 2009-2010 company sell 9 million cars and in the year of 2010 its sell reached at 7.43 million. much(prenominal) recall may cause for affecting thecompany financi ally and also affect its brands.Toyota has a low presence in the weak marketToyotas major markets are in US, Europe and Japan, and it also establishing its a branch in china and India. But there are small parting total sales of Toyota in India and China. In China, Toyota finds it difficult to compete with General Motors because of the poor automobiles in China. GM has large per centums.Opportunities of ToyotaPositive attitude towards green vehicles.Users of Toyota are well aware of the air contamination created by the cars. The carbon dioxide is emitted in large quantities which create intensity in the greenhouse which are causing all these kind of pollution. So consumer become conscious and wishs to steal cars like hybrid and electric cars because these cars reduce CO2.Increasing fuel harms.Due to the high price of fuel, Toyota is teddy to efficient cars instead of hybrid cars. The needs of the people are changingToyota satisfies different changing needs and tastes of people by offering new models and have an entre over a wide group of customers Acquisition and growth In the past, Toyota has succeeded in acquiring other companies and has grown new assets skills and also had access to the new market.InnovationIt is the company which firstly produces marketable mass and hybrid gas electric vehicles such as Prius model. It is built on the R&D and innovative technologies. Due to rise in fuel prices, clients are looking for any other source for fewer prices and guzzling cars. bare-assed models of Toyota i.e. Aygo model by Toyota is for the aggressions of segmentation. Toyota doesnt want to take a share in youth market. Production of fuel efficient cars is beneficial they have fewer effects on environment. For producing new cars for social and institutional demands, the cars like electric cars and hybrid fuels have the impacts on setting. Toyotas (Eco-VAS) becomes helpful in the procedure of construction, usage and discarding as well. In the fresh markets similar to India, Russia and china there is global increase continuously due to high population and demand.Threats of ToyotaFalling fuel pricesBecause of the mining of more shale gas, it is intelligibly seen that in future fuel prices will drop. This is the reason that there is less attraction of consumers towards fuel-efficient hybrid and electric cars. These are main group for Prius model of Toyota. parvenu standards for emissionPresented by govt. these innovative and latest emissions become clearer engine for investment we can say that if there is more investment then Toyotas profit becomes less. Rising raw material prices. For any automobile company the rise in the raw material price is very essential for manufacturing of automobiles. Higher price leads to higher cost and less profit is the main ingredient for raw material of Toyota.1. Intense competition.In any type of business, competition always takes place. homogeneous case is with Toyota. Volkswagen group and GM are alway s big rivals for Toyota.2. Natural disasters.In Japan, Thailand, China and In makesia there is the facility of manufacturing by Toyota. All the countries are the subjects for all types of natural calamities which can disturb the Toyotas amount of sell.3. Appreciating yen exchange rate.Foreign countries are the big source of Toyotas revenues. All the profit is converted in yen. And the profit of Toyota becomes less due to exchange rate of appreciating yen.Car Industry AnalysisFor creating a competitive environment in industry, company can put its advantages and chances. Usually, for the wide presence in international market, product line is really useful. By entering in the newly established markets like china and Europe, one can get it also. If we notice the previous history, Toyota took more attention on the markets such as Japan and America, but there is a need of making more plans. Sustainable development is achieved by Toyota cooperation. For the harmful effects ofglobal warming and fossil fuels, Toyota has a market named as Toyotas hybrid. This technology can also be helpful for company to sell it to other firms.Toyota Company analysisIn the exportation of cars, in the creation of automobiles, best quality and achieving its target, Toyota Company is one of the best companies of world the company give the best return of peoples money in the form of best quality car and make the client luxurious .they always try to give the best value of the money of their clients instead of their rival companies. So, this is one of the big reason for Toyota as a good company in DC, s. This company always tries to achieve sustainable growth and decreasing the pollution from this earth.Customer AnalysisCustomers of Toyota are rich, poor and diverse. They lived all around the world. Toyota always tries to keep in mind the demands and range of all type of clients belongs to upper as well as put down class. They have all types of automobiles like small sport car, big family au tomobiles, trucks and vans also. Toyota has the customers from different age groups, areas, incomes, social as well as cultural class. For the satisfaction of their wants, people go to Toyota. There are also vehicles for low income people according to their range as well as size.Independent and aloof people have also verity of cars accord to their need. Many organizations also want a vehicle for giving the facility of convene to their employees. So, this is the case in which the purchaser of the product is not the user of that product. There is enlargement in the exposure of a product when any person buys any product of company. Companies awake awareness among the people about the product through ads, newsletters, websites, and other sources of information. Books and seminars also provide the chance to Toyota for earn income.Where People PurchaseThere is a vast network of retailers throughout the world and Toyota sale its products with the help of it. There are some specific models of automobileswhich a customer can buy directly from the Toyota factories. Toyota also gives the facility to its customers by giving them opportunity of online shopping. Most of the advertising activities are also done online. Online shopping and ads keep the papers away from wasting and client can well buy any automobile easily. There is also a toll-free number of Toyota for direct contact. So customers from all across the world can easily access to the all kind of production of company.When People PurchaseAnyone can buy the companys product in the whole year. Except some models, all the other cars are available on Toyota company whole year. Driving licence is compulsory for buying a car in many countries. Some people want to buy a new car as old one is not able to use or want to try a new model.Why do People Purchase?Due to unique and special nature of Toyota, customer prefers it on other companies. Cars go through all the needs of the clients offered by Toyota. Company want to maintain its standard. The company offer fewer amounts than others. Toyota also takes great care about the safety of driver. When green light turned on, there is a distinct call to driver to alert him .new hybrid product also have the facility of buying and changing the car.Why Potential Customers Dont PurchaseAccording to the census of Toyota there is large amount of potential people who dont want to buy a car. Company is filled like the people like this. Nowadays there is a large amount of automobile industries. Some people reject the car for no significant reason. This is due to the reason of class, social status, like and dislike .there is no high requirements of Toyota. So the clients are free to buy car from rivals.Business environmentBusiness environment is made by two words i.e. business and environment. In economic view, all the actions or activities done by the person for earning profit, buying of goods are known as business. Surrounding of us is known as environment. So, we come to know that the conditions of nature, which one cannot control like famines, floods, and economic, social and natural affects, are known as business environment. There are two parts of business environment which are internal and impertinent environment.Internal environmentThis type of environment based upon the companys basic elements. Important and vital requirements of internal structure are skilled staff, policies and relations with humans. We can have the example of Toyota. There is strong relationship, skilled staff experienced specialists show the internal environment.External environmentAll the actions about trade are taken under the external environment. Technological, political and legal factors affect it. there are also two sub division of the external environment. They are macro and micro.Micro environment the successfulness of any market depends upon tit communication and transportation with its clients. Top level of managing, departments of finance, research, and channel partners are the forces which have the ability to affect the company.Macro environment -in 2000 company of Toyota felt the changes occurred by the macro environment. The company Toyota takes full benefits of producing the first hybrid vehicle named Toyota Prius.Five Forces AnalysisIn the operating industry, there are five Porters forces which are organized for forcing the company. The business will not be attractive if profitbecomes low. New entrants threats, rivals threats and substitute products threats are the three such forces which affect our analysis. Toyota also started its business in US market.When Toyota Company started business in US it has 95% shares and produces only three types of cars. Japanese market was 100 times smaller than the market of US. There is strong and high position of US in market. Toyota, Honda and Nissan are three different types of automobiles of Japanese company. These companies took 4 decades for establishing themselves in the internatio nal market.Bargaining power of suppliersWeak buyers can make problems regarding the product. In US and Japan the company is doing hard work for establishment. And want to start business of automobile here. The supply of class material is supplied from a big network. In the term of company it explores the weakness of customers. Due to labor and raw material, the company is earning profit.EntryThere are many hurdles like economic, financial, social and governmental. later World War 2, the laws about the ministry and trade were not in favor of Toyota. At that time there were no hurdles for US in exporting. The low business was an open advantage for Japanese companies. For efficient sale, new entry of shares is required.Buyers Bargaining PowerThe manufacturing companies in US have the ability of vertical integration as they were enjoying the power of it. The supply companies are companies of manufacturing. We take the example of molar. That is supplying parts of motors. But in Japan co mpanies which supply parts of motors has a share in the administration. It is totally different from US. The dealers were fragment in both countries. Toyota purchase large amount from parts companies. By the right of information from internet, user bargain. replacement products threatsIn U.S. and Japan, there is transportation system. The value of special amount is high due to its close substitute.RivalryCompetition between rivals in the production of car is very complex. Although the output of the market was very low but it was enlarging day by day. From the year of 1970, there is tough competition between rival companies there is rivalry on price as well as on other things. In price competition the price of product included and in non-price competition there is marginal as well as fixed cost are added. Competition call also is increased through differentiation opportunity. One basic thing of increasing rivalry between all the companies is the manufacturing of cars, truck, and SUVs .

My Life Has a Purpose

(a short story) My Life has a Purpose One windy afternoon, swaying trees , leaves falling scattered on the road, two newly friends agreed to take a walk to relax. On their way they see a grocery store and dropped by to buy some(prenominal) snacks. They have reached the park and found a comfortable place under a tree. What a tiring day said Cecile , the older one as she lean on the tree. She is chubby with a long curly hair and has the asset of beautiful eyes. Youre right. Thank God we almost wearye half(prenominal) of the requirements. answered Baby . Its relaxing here. She go along as she nip around. A nice place to charge not just our tired bodies but in any case stressed minds. added Cecile as she starts to open a snack. Together they laugh. Baby heard her cellphone beep, someone send her a message. She check her bag looking for the cellphone, she axiom her wallet, open it and saw the picture of her mother, chum, and dumbfound. While staring at the picture, she didnt notice tears are falling from her eyes. When Cecile glance at her, she was worried. Baby why are you crying? Whats wrong? Are you not feeling well? Tell me. Asked Cecile in a worried interpretive program. Dont like Im okay. Replied Baby while wiping her tears. Cecile took her wallet and saw the reason why she cried,- their family picture. Cecile knew that Babys parents and only brother already passed away, but dont have any idea what caused their death. Baby if you dont mind, i want to know how did your parents died, as well as your brother. Cecile requested, as she look at her waiting for a positive response. Baby glance at her. Okay Ill tell you, but bear with me, Im emotional. She replied with a smiling teary eyes.Though 14 stratums had passed, everything is still fresh in her mind. The weather was bad, heavy rains and strong wind, I was alone in the style in the school dormitory around seven oclock in the evening I heard a strange sound that caught my attention. Sudden ly the windowpane opened because of the strong wind. When I was approximately to close the window, I saw a figure of a woman wearing a white clothes seated on one branch of the star apple tree. I didnt mind it, I closed the window and went back to bed as I waited for my board mate. She started. Cecile was just quiet listening. That was the night before the real thing happen. Baby paused for a while. what real thing? Cecile curiously asked. Baby continued as sadness reflected in her eyes. The next day, a news came that a child and mother were both drowned in the river. I was shocked when I versed that it was my mother and brother they were talking about. It seems that time, my world collapse. I cried and cried. Together with my classmates and teachers, we go through the bad weather and walked three kilometers to go home. When I got home, I saw my dad crying with wounded knees. Why, what happened to your dad?. Cecile interrupted. The three of them were together in that scene,m y mother was the first one to fell in the river, my brother saw it then called the attention of our father. My dad upon seeing my mother was drowning, he jumped to save her. The water current was so strong, they couldnt resist. When my brother saw our parents in that situation he eventually jump to save them but unfortunately, his head bumped on the rock that led to lost of consciousness. His body was carried by the strong current of the river.On the other hand, my father failed to save my ma, he lost sight of her. It was a miracle that my father survived because the river is too wide and the current was too strong with the heavy rains, he bumped a horse barn big rock where he hung on so that he wont be carried by the river flow, where he got the wounds on his knees. With a soft voice as she continue to relay what had happened that led to the death of both her mother and brother. oh Im sorry my friend, that was so difficult for you. Cecile holds her hand to show her sympathy. ho w about their bodies? a question pumped out from her mind as she recall that her father lost sight of her mother when he rescued her, and the part that her brothers body went with the river flow. My brothers corpse was found on the same day, and it took three weeks for the rescuers , with my dad and relatives, to find my mothers corpse. She answered. Cecile became more curious. umpteen questions lingering in her mind. Baby tried to answer in detailed to satisfy her curiosity. Time was so fast, the sun already sets, the two friends pack up their things, pick up their trashes and place in the garbage can. Its time to start a walk home.They both lived in the same apartment. The breeze is getting colder. So the figure of a woman wearing a white dress youve seen the night before they were drowned, could that be a sign that something bad happened to your mom? asked Cecile while walking. hmmm. I dont think so. I havent felt strange that time. She replied. When they got home Baby put h er things in her room and went to the kitchen to make coffee for the both of them. On the other hand, Cecile entered her room to get a sweater After a few minutes, Baby returned to the living room holding two cups of hot coffee to warm themselves.While sipping, Cecile remember to asked about her father. Baby how about your father? Cecile asked. He passed away just last year due to complication. She answered. Since the death of her brother and mother, her father kept on drinking liquor, though she tried to stopped him. His father had a prostate cancer, liver problem, a heart problem that led to his death. At the age of 17, she lost her mother and brother. There was a point in her life that she asked God why them, there are lot of bad people who deserve to die to stop them from their wickedness.After 14 years, his father followed. My friend you are a strong woman, youve overcome that contend in your life. I salute you. Cecile uttered in serious voice. It was not that easy, but with the help of God I did it. Life must go on. Everything happens for a reason. I know God has a great plan for my life, and the things Ive been through is just a part of the preparation of molding me to be worthwhile of the plan He has for me. Baby replied. Cecile nodded as she agreed to what she said. They went to the kitchen to have their dinner, and there they continued their conversation. A year from now youll be graduating as a teacher and I know youll be an inspiration to your future students as you have inspired me now. Ceciles words of encouragement. To God be the glory. Thank you my friend. Actually I dont really expect that I could go back to school to pursue my studies. Aside from that, i didnt dream of becoming a teacher. But here I am because of the goodness of the Lord , He will use me in this field. You too, youll be a successful businesswoman someday. She responded. Gods will. Said Cecile as she refill her plate with rice. Should I call you maam Baby Girl or m aam Ritchie? Ha ha. Of seam I preferred the latter one, Im already a big girl Their laughters echoed in every corner of the room. Her real name is Ritchie Biasura, concern her baby girl started when she got a copy of her birth certificate from the NSO, where Baby Girl Biasura was the written name. Her updated records was not yet forwarded from the local civil registrar to the NSO important office. She was advised to check her records and fix whatever problems before graduation.